http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 19:35:20 來源:中國經濟時報 張一鳴
疫yi情qing或huo將jiang加jia速su中zhong國guo重zhong化hua工gong業ye整zheng合he的de進jin程cheng,短duan期qi內nei一yi些xie抗kang風feng險xian能neng力li較jiao弱ruo的de企qi業ye或huo將jiang受shou到dao衝chong擊ji,後hou期qi隨sui著zhe上shang遊you需xu求qiu的de恢hui複fu,行xing業ye將jiang維wei持chi之zhi前qian的de發fa展zhan態tai勢shi,亟ji待dai提ti速su轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji進jin程cheng。
國家統計局3月16日發布的數據顯示,1—2月份,規模以上工業增加值同比實際下降13.5%,2月份,規模以上工業增加值比上月下降26.63%。其中1—2月份,采礦業增加值同比下降6.5%,製造業下降15.7%,電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產和供應業下降7.1%。
重化工業是工業的重要組成部分,中國經濟時報記者從多家市場分析機構獲悉,鋼鐵、煤炭、石化、水泥等重化工業2月以來,幾乎所有的行業與去年同期相比,產量和收入都大幅下降。
guowuyuanfazhanyanjiuzhongxinchanyejingjiyanjiubufubuchangxuzhaoyuanzaijieshouzhongguojingjishibaojizhecaifangshibiaoshi,yiqingdaozhihenduochanpinxuqiudafujiangdi,duanqiduizhonghuagongxingyechanshenglehendachongji,dansuizhegedikaifugongjinchengzhengzaijiakuai,gonggeibupinghengdexianxianghuizhubuhaozhuan。
shiyoushihuaxingyeshoudaodechongjizuiweimingxian,yiqingbujinyingxiangdaoshichanggongxu,haiyinqishateheeluosiliangdachanyouguoduiyiqingyingxiangchanshengfenqi,shatedaguimozengchandaozhiguojiyuanyoujiagedafuxiadie,maoyishangheyuanyoujiagongqiyemianlinchongji。zhongguoshiyouhehuaxuegongyelianhehuifuhuichangfuxiangshengfenxishuo,yijiduchengpinyoujihuagongchanpindechanxiaodoujiangchuxianjiaoweimingxiandexiajiang。danyiqingguohou,xiayouxiaofeihuichuxianmingxianfandan。yujierjiduhoushichanghuiyinglaixinyilundefanrong,jiagedeshangshengjianghuitishengxingyelirun。
過去幾年裏,中國新建了一批石油石化裝置,一些之前需要大量從國外進口的石化產品,產能迅速放大,包括煉油、芳烴、聚酯,甚至烯烴、有機矽、聚碳酸酯等過去短缺的化學品的產能過剩。受此影響,2019年石化全行業營業收入小幅增長,利潤卻降幅超過一成,其中煉油業務下降幅度最大,超過四成。
買化塑COO陸lu寧ning在zai接jie受shou本ben報bao記ji者zhe采cai訪fang時shi坦tan言yan,由you於yu下xia遊you需xu求qiu低di迷mi,石shi化hua產chan品pin價jia格ge下xia滑hua的de趨qu勢shi還hai將jiang持chi續xu,而er疫yi情qing影ying響xiang市shi場chang需xu求qiu,未wei來lai行xing業ye的de集ji中zhong度du會hui不bu斷duan攀pan升sheng,出chu現xian在zai各ge個ge細xi分fen石shi化hua產chan品pin板ban塊kuai的de壟long斷duan企qi業ye。
“xianzaikuodachannenghechanliangdeqiyedabufenshiguoyoudaxingqiyeheshangshiminyingqiye,jiagedexiatan,huishidezhexieqiyenenggouyijiahuanshi,jinyibujiasuzhongxiaoqiyedetuichu,zengjiadaqiyedeshichangzhanyoulv,huodechanpindingjiaquan。yejiushishuo,shihuaxingyezhengchuzaichanyejiegoutiaozhenghegonggeicejiegouxinggaigebuduantuijindejieduan。”他說。
鋼鐵和煤炭是重化工業中率先啟動去產能的行業,2016-2018年,我國累計壓減粗鋼產能1.5億噸以上,退出煤炭落後產能8.1億噸,淘汰關停落後煤電機組2000萬千瓦以上,均提前兩年完成“十三五”去產能目標任務。但2019年鋼鐵和煤炭行業均麵臨產量增加、營業額增長、利潤下降的問題。與此同時,水泥、玻(bo)璃(li)等(deng)建(jian)材(cai)產(chan)品(pin),電(dian)解(jie)鋁(lv)等(deng)有(you)色(se)產(chan)品(pin)也(ye)在(zai)陸(lu)續(xu)推(tui)進(jin)去(qu)產(chan)能(neng)工(gong)作(zuo),但(dan)與(yu)之(zhi)前(qian)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)和(he)煤(mei)炭(tan)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)化(hua)去(qu)產(chan)能(neng)不(bu)同(tong),更(geng)多(duo)以(yi)環(huan)保(bao)手(shou)段(duan)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)機(ji)製(zhi)等(deng),引(yin)導(dao)行(xing)業(ye)自(zi)發(fa)“出清”。
xuzhaoyuanshuo,zhonghuagongyemuqianrengchuyuzhuanxingshengjideguochengzhong,yiqingduibushaoqiyeshiyigedadechongji,duixingyezhuanxingshengjiyeshiyigewaibutuili。meiyicidadechongji,douyouyixieqiyehuaweiweiji,kuodazishenyoushi,baokuojianligengrouxingdexinjishu、更智能的營銷倉儲運係統、更強大的企業合作聯合等,危機給了優秀企業脫穎而出的機會,並將引領行業的升級步伐。
許xu召zhao元yuan強qiang調tiao,重zhong化hua工gong行xing業ye的de轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji包bao括kuo多duo個ge維wei度du,其qi中zhong最zui重zhong要yao的de有you兩liang個ge方fang麵mian,一yi是shi產chan品pin質zhi量liang升sheng級ji,即ji企qi業ye不bu斷duan采cai用yong新xin技ji術shu,不bu斷duan創chuang新xin,提ti升sheng產chan品pin的de品pin質zhi、附加值和競爭力,用更好的產品適應升級的市場需求。二是從市場結構看,逐步形成和產品特性相匹配的行業市場結構。我國規模大、人口多、區域廣闊,很多產業都在發展初期存在企業數量過多、低水平同質化競爭的現象。
“當dang前qian,重zhong化hua工gong業ye更geng加jia需xu要yao形xing成cheng一yi種zhong市shi場chang集ji中zhong度du較jiao高gao的de行xing業ye結jie構gou,比bi如ru對dui鋼gang鐵tie這zhe類lei產chan品pin同tong質zhi化hua而er生sheng產chan連lian續xu性xing很hen強qiang的de行xing業ye,市shi場chang需xu求qiu波bo動dong又you大da,隻zhi要yao有you一yi個ge較jiao高gao的de市shi場chang集ji中zhong度du,市shi場chang龍long頭tou企qi業ye占zhan有you很hen大da的de份fen額e,這zhe些xie龍long頭tou企qi業ye才cai可ke以yi進jin行xing內nei部bu協xie調tiao減jian產chan或huo增zeng產chan,實shi現xian市shi場chang供gong需xu平ping衡heng,分fen散san的de市shi場chang結jie構gou很hen容rong易yi陷xian入ru同tong質zhi化hua價jia格ge競jing爭zheng的de狀zhuang況kuang,甚shen至zhi供gong大da於yu求qiu,價jia格ge下xia降jiang,企qi業ye收shou入ru減jian少shao,希xi望wang增zeng產chan增zeng收shou,但dan實shi際ji上shang,在zai價jia格ge更geng低di的de惡e性xing循xun環huan中zhong,不bu利li於yu行xing業ye穩wen定ding發fa展zhan。因yin此ci,當dang前qian市shi場chang已yi經jing出chu現xian了le一yi些xie鋼gang鐵tie集ji團tuan的de兼jian並bing重zhong組zu,比bi如ru寶bao武wu合he並bing、寶武吸收馬鋼,河北敬業收購英國鋼鐵等並購案例,這體現了重化工業轉型升級的一個重要方向。”他說。