80niandai
，zhongguorenzuizaozhidaodongzhishinakuandancaolvsededongzhishuangmenbingxiang，houlaizhongriguanxiehua
，dongzhishengchandegerenbijibendiannaodedianchiyichangfarezaodaozhongguoxiaofeizhetucao。danjintiandedongzhizaoyibushishengchanbaisejiadiandezhizaoshangle，qizhuyeheqiangxiangzaiyuhediandengchengtaoshebeiyijidianzijingyuan。特別是2006年，東芝撤資54億美元收購了美國的全球最著名的核電設備公司－西屋公司(Westinghouse)
，東芝成為最被看好的日本企業之一。

可是籠罩今天的東芝公司的好像四麵楚歌，根據媒體的報導
，東芝公司很可能已經資不抵債，也就是說東芝的資本金(所有者權益)遠不夠償還銀行的借款。為什麼東芝會落到這步田地的呢？

huidazhegewentizhiqian，womenzailaikanyijiaribendedaqiyexiapu，xiapuyeshengchandianzijingyuan
，tongshi，qishengchandepingbandianshiyinggaishishijieyiliu。zhexienian
，xiapubingmeiyouxiangdongzhinayanggaokuozhangzhanlve
，ershiwenzhawendazuoqizhuye，yihandeshixiapudejiadianyijiqitadedianzichanpinsuiranzhiliangbucuo，danchengshoubulehanguohezhongguojiadianqiyedegongshi，zuizhongxiapubeifushikangdemugongsihonghaishougou。

zheliangjiaribenzhumingdedaqiyedexingwangdoujingshiwomenyigedaoli，qiyejinjinyongyouyiliudejishubingbudengyujiunengzaijiliedeshichangjingzhengzhonghuosheng。qiyedejingyingguanlikaodeshiyitaofuzadezonghexingzhanlve，zhanlvefangxiangcuole
，zaixianjindejishuyewujiyushi。dangran，tanzhezhongchouxiangdedadaolibingbunengjiekairibenzhumingdaqiyejingyingshibaizhimi。

回來看東芝公司，應該說

，東芝落到這步境地有其偶然性
，也就是說有不走運的成份。2006年東芝收購西屋公司，從當時的市場環境來說東芝上層所做出的決斷沒有錯
，不巧的是2011年nian日ri本ben發fa生sheng了le關guan東dong大da地di震zhen，福fu島dao核he電dian站zhan爆bao炸zha，通tong過guo電dian視shi螢ying幕mu核he電dian站zhan爆bao炸zha的de慘can烈lie影ying象xiang傳chuan到dao全quan世shi界jie。那na以yi後hou
，日ri本ben國guo內nei停ting止zhi新xin建jian核he電dian站zhan，美mei國guo的de在zai建jian核he電dian站zhan加jia強qiang了le安an全quan管guan理li措cuo施shi
，造zao成cheng原yuan來lai簽qian訂ding的de承cheng建jian合he同tong隨sui著zhe建jian設she成cheng本ben提ti高gao不bu能neng完wan成cheng。同tong時shi，歐ou洲zhou大da陸lu也ye掀xian起qi了le反fan核he運yun動dong
，這zhe對dui西xi屋wu公gong司si和he東dong芝zhi公gong司si是shi雪xue上shang加jia霜shuang。

另一方麵，電子晶圓作為電腦的核心技術和核心零部件，各家公司都投入最大的資源降低成本，提高質量。過去的10多duo年nian有you很hen多duo家jia日ri本ben生sheng產chan電dian子zi晶jing圓yuan的de廠chang家jia退tui出chu了le市shi場chang競jing爭zheng，轉zhuan型xing做zuo別bie的de產chan業ye。東dong芝zhi因yin為wei其qi規gui模mo大da，轉zhuan型xing的de速su度du快kuai不bu起qi來lai，這zhe可ke能neng是shi造zao成cheng致zhi命ming傷shang的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。

qishi
，ribenqiyedezhuanxingyeyouchenggongdelizi，zuidianxingdejiushifushiruanpian。xiangdangnianshijiezuizhumingderuanpianchangshangwufeimeiguodekedaheribendefushi
，haiyouyijiaxiaohenduodeyinghuaruanpian，henzaojiutuichule。wobuzhidaofushiruanpianshizenyangqianzhandaozhuanxingdebiyaoxingde，xianranqiguanlicengshiyouxianjianzhimingde。fushiruanpianzaisuoxiaoruanpianshengchandetongshi，jiadatouzikaifanvxingyongdehuazhuangmianmo

，jushuo，qizhongyingyongleshengchanruanpiandejishu。kedaruanpiandezhuanxingmanlehenduo，suoyi，kedagongsiyijinghenshaojinruwomendeyanlian。

現xian代dai化hua的de企qi業ye經jing營ying管guan理li

，速su度du可ke能neng是shi最zui重zhong要yao的de。市shi場chang競jing爭zheng激ji烈lie，市shi場chang需xu求qiu千qian變bian萬wan化hua，以yi技ji術shu定ding市shi場chang顯xian然ran要yao被bei淘tao汰tai，唯wei一yi可ke能neng成cheng功gong的de是shi以yi市shi場chang來lai定ding技ji術shu。消xiao費fei者zhe不bu需xu要yao的de技ji術shu，再zai先xian進jin也ye白bai搭da。

lingyigewentishiribenqiyepubiancunzaide，najiushiribendehenduodaqiyezaijingjigaofengqi，taichenggongle

，suoyi，tamenbuyuanyifangqiyuanlaideguanlimoshi，zongshibajingyingbushandeyuanyinguijiudaowaiyin，biruhongguanjingjijiansu，riyuanshengzhidengdeng。qishi，duisuoyouqiyelaishi，waiyinshigongtongyinsu，gaishanjingyingzhuyaoyinggaizaineibuzhaoyuanyin。

最zui後hou說shuo一yi點dian
，日ri本ben的de大da企qi業ye可ke以yi分fen為wei兩liang種zhong，一yi種zhong是shi創chuang業ye家jia族zu保bao持chi影ying響xiang力li的de大da企qi業ye
，並bing不bu一yi定ding是shi家jia族zu企qi業ye
，但dan創chuang業ye家jia族zu在zai人ren事shi方fang麵mian有you決jue定ding權quan，比bi如ru豐feng田tian汽qi車che，鈴ling木mu汽qi車che
，這zhe種zhong企qi業ye的de強qiang項xiang是shi戰zhan略lve決jue策ce速su度du快kuai。也ye有you弱ruo點dian，一yi旦dan決jue策ce錯cuo誤wu可ke能neng導dao致zhi致zhi命ming傷shang。

另一類企業
，就如東芝和夏普，其高層是從公司內部提拔上來的
，每一屆總經理做3-4年nian
，然ran後hou就jiu換huan人ren，很hen難nan期qi待dai這zhe些xie領ling導dao有you什shen麼me先xian見jian之zhi明ming，因yin為wei他ta的de責ze任ren和he任ren務wu是shi在zai任ren期qi內nei少shao犯fan錯cuo誤wu，所suo以yi，這zhe一yi類lei企qi業ye的de領ling導dao層ceng通tong常chang沒mei有you創chuang新xin能neng力li，不bu求qiu有you功gong，但dan求qiu無wu過guo。比bi起qi市shi場chang競jing爭zheng，他ta們men更geng擅shan長chang於yu在zai同tong事shi之zhi間jian搞gao關guan係xi
，這zhe有you一yi點dian跟gen中zhong國guo的de官guan場chang相xiang像xiang。我wo本ben人ren在zai大da公gong司si工gong作zuo，也ye有you時shi去qu別bie的de大da公gong司si講jiang課ke，每mei次ci都dou會hui不bu自zi覺jiao的de感gan到dao日ri本ben的de大da企qi業ye和he中zhong國guo的de官guan場chang神shen似si。

naweishenmedabufenribendedagongsimeiyouluodaodongzhihexiapudedibune
？yinggaishuo，henduogongsiyebutongchengdudiyudaoxiangtongdewenti，zhishimeiyoubaoluchulai。lingyifangmian，ribendaqiyedeshangcengsuiranwuneng，danqizhongcengfeichangjiangu，suoyi，zuishangcengdelingdaoxiangzoumadengsidihuan


，duanqikansihubingbuyingxiangqijingyingguanli。guanyuzheyidian
，hafodaxuededuweimingjiaoshouyoufeichangjingdiandeguancha，tazhichu：「儒學在日本的發展不是孝道
，而是忠君。」也ye就jiu是shi
，日ri本ben人ren可ke以yi不bu孝xiao，但dan不bu能neng不bu忠zhong。不bu能neng說shuo日ri本ben社she會hui完wan全quan是shi這zhe樣yang
，但dan有you一yi定ding道dao理li。忠zhong誠cheng是shi美mei德de
，但dan同tong時shi一yi個ge社she會hui和he一yi個ge企qi業ye要yao有you修xiu正zheng領ling袖xiu錯cuo誤wu的de能neng力li
，才cai能neng保bao證zheng其qi可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。否fou則ze，可ke能neng導dao致zhi全quan軍jun覆fu沒mei。