http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-08 10:29:50 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、支(zhi)撐(cheng)力(li)。麵(mian)對(dui)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)科(ke)技(ji)革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)變(bian)革(ge)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)性(xing)機(ji)遇(yu),唯(wei)有(you)牢(lao)牢(lao)把(ba)握(wo)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)這(zhe)一(yi)關(guan)鍵(jian)變(bian)量(liang),才(cai)能(neng)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)增(zeng)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)內(nei)生(sheng)動(dong)力(li),在(zai)日(ri)趨(qu)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)重(zhong)塑(su)優(you)勢(shi)、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
kejichuangxinjuedingzhexinzhishengchanlidefazhangaodu,yeyingxiangzhezhongguojingjiweilaizaiquanqiujingzhenggejuzhongdezhanlveweishi。jinguanwoguoyixieguanjianlingyuhexinjishushouzhiyurendejumianhaimeiyouconggenbenshangdedaogaibian,danzhexiejidaitupodekadiandudian,zhengshiwomenweilaifalidezhugongfangxiang,qibeihouyunzangzhegouzhuguojiajingzhengxinyoushidejudaqianlihezhanlvekongjian。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、高gao質zhi量liang特te征zheng。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,有you利li於yu實shi現xian高gao水shui平ping科ke技ji自zi立li自zi強qiang,增zeng強qiang經jing濟ji競jing爭zheng力li。這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu瞄miao準zhun科ke技ji前qian沿yan,全quan力li攻gong堅jian關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu,以yi突tu破po性xing成cheng果guo催cui生sheng新xin動dong能neng。堅jian持chi一yi體ti推tui進jin教jiao育yu科ke技ji人ren才cai發fa展zhan,促cu進jin科ke技ji創chuang新xin與yu產chan業ye創chuang新xin深shen度du融rong合he,提ti升sheng國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi整zheng體ti效xiao能neng,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,搶qiang占zhan未wei來lai科ke技ji製zhi高gao點dian。同tong時shi,發fa揮hui科ke技ji創chuang新xin的de引yin領ling作zuo用yong,全quan麵mian實shi施shi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、體(ti)製(zhi)性(xing)及(ji)周(zhou)期(qi)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)交(jiao)織(zhi)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)於(yu)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li)不(bu)足(zu),對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)作(zuo)用(yong)未(wei)能(neng)充(chong)分(fen)顯(xian)現(xian),高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)科(ke)技(ji)供(gong)給(gei)仍(reng)顯(xian)欠(qian)缺(que)。新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)在(zai)載(zai)體(ti)層(ceng)麵(mian),更(geng)多(duo)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)、高效能、高gao價jia值zhi的de新xin產chan業ye上shang。加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,能neng夠gou以yi科ke技ji創chuang新xin引yin領ling高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan,增zeng強qiang經jing濟ji創chuang新xin力li。這zhe就jiu要yao深shen入ru實shi施shi創chuang新xin驅qu動dong發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve,促cu進jin創chuang新xin鏈lian和he產chan業ye鏈lian的de無wu縫feng對dui接jie,通tong過guo強qiang鏈lian補bu鏈lian延yan鏈lian提ti升sheng產chan業ye體ti係xi整zheng體ti效xiao能neng。通tong過guo科ke技ji創chuang新xin優you化hua提ti升sheng傳chuan統tong產chan業ye、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既ji驅qu動dong發fa展zhan,也ye潛qian藏zang風feng險xian,需xu要yao在zai發fa展zhan和he安an全quan之zhi間jian找zhao到dao平ping衡heng點dian,護hu航hang因yin地di製zhi宜yi發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li。為wei此ci,需xu加jia快kuai完wan善shan國guo家jia創chuang新xin體ti係xi,突tu破po關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu瓶ping頸jing,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li,有you效xiao降jiang低di外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing。加jia強qiang對dui科ke技ji發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、社(she)會(hui)風(feng)險(xian)與(yu)倫(lun)理(li)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)進(jin)行(xing)係(xi)統(tong)評(ping)估(gu)與(yu)預(yu)案(an)建(jian)設(she),構(gou)建(jian)科(ke)技(ji)安(an)全(quan)風(feng)險(xian)監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警(jing)和(he)應(ying)對(dui)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)強(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)條(tiao)件(jian)自(zi)主(zhu)保(bao)障(zhang)。同(tong)時(shi),積(ji)極(ji)參(can)與(yu)全(quan)球(qiu)科(ke)技(ji)治(zhi)理(li),弘(hong)揚(yang)科(ke)技(ji)向(xiang)善(shan)理(li)念(nian),讓(rang)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)造(zao)福(fu)各(ge)國(guo)和(he)各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、全quan而er不bu精jing的de問wen題ti。要yao堅jian持chi把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,加jia快kuai發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,構gou建jian以yi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye為wei骨gu幹gan的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,使shi之zhi更geng具ju有you完wan整zheng性xing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、chanyetixiwanbei,xingchengwanzhengqieyourenxingdechanyelian。chuantongchanyezaiwoguochanyefazhanzhongfahuizhezhongyaozuoyong,jishigoujianxiandaihuachanyetixidejishi,yeshijiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaozhelidian。chuantongchanyebudengyuluohouchanye,yunyongxinjishuduiqijinxinggaizaotisheng,shiyindizhiyifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaolujing。suizhexinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangeshenrufazhan,chuantongchanyeguangfanyinruxinjishu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、低(di)能(neng)耗(hao)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)。這(zhe)表(biao)明(ming),發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)與(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji)密(mi)不(bu)可(ke)分(fen),發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)絕(jue)不(bu)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)忽(hu)視(shi)甚(shen)至(zhi)放(fang)棄(qi)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye),而(er)應(ying)在(zai)保(bao)持(chi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)合(he)理(li)比(bi)重(zhong)、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著zhe眼yan先xian進jin性xing,大da力li發fa展zhan新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing主zhu要yao是shi指zhi產chan業ye體ti係xi具ju備bei較jiao強qiang的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin能neng力li,能neng適shi應ying新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge要yao求qiu,產chan業ye發fa展zhan符fu合he智zhi能neng化hua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、改gai變bian競jing爭zheng格ge局ju的de關guan鍵jian力li量liang。世shi界jie強qiang國guo強qiang大da的de競jing爭zheng力li,很hen大da程cheng度du上shang源yuan於yu其qi對dui戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye的de前qian瞻zhan布bu局ju與yu戰zhan略lve投tou入ru。當dang前qian我wo國guo舊jiu的de生sheng產chan函han數shu組zu合he方fang式shi已yi經jing難nan以yi持chi續xu,必bi須xu加jia速su提ti升sheng產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing。著zhe力li打da造zao新xin興xing支zhi柱zhu產chan業ye,實shi施shi產chan業ye創chuang新xin工gong程cheng,加jia快kuai新xin能neng源yuan、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、第di六liu代dai移yi動dong通tong信xin等deng成cheng為wei新xin的de經jing濟ji增zeng長chang點dian,建jian立li未wei來lai產chan業ye投tou入ru增zeng長chang和he風feng險xian分fen擔dan機ji製zhi,促cu進jin中zhong小xiao企qi業ye專zhuan精jing特te新xin發fa展zhan,更geng好hao推tui動dong經jing濟ji可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。
著zhe眼yan安an全quan性xing,增zeng強qiang產chan業ye鏈lian韌ren性xing和he競jing爭zheng力li。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de安an全quan性xing,主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian安an全quan可ke靠kao,產chan業ye關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu自zi主zhu可ke控kong,各ge產chan業ye有you序xu鏈lian接jie,國guo民min經jing濟ji循xun環huan高gao效xiao暢chang通tong。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao強qiang化hua關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu攻gong關guan,逐zhu步bu擺bai脫tuo外wai部bu依yi賴lai,提ti升sheng應ying對dui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、xinxingchanyejianlian,zengqiangchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping。youhuazhongdashengchanlibuju,fahuizhongdianquyuzengchangjizuoyong,tuidongchanyezaibutongdiqujianyouxuzhuanyi,jiansheguojiazhanlvefudiheguanjianchanyebeifen,tigaochanyetixidekangfengxiannengli。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
當dang今jin世shi界jie,市shi場chang已yi成cheng為wei最zui稀xi缺que的de資zi源yuan,而er我wo國guo擁yong有you的de超chao大da規gui模mo國guo內nei市shi場chang,正zheng是shi我wo們men參can與yu國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de關guan鍵jian優you勢shi。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,離li不bu開kai技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan擴kuo散san與yu市shi場chang的de持chi續xu拓tuo展zhan,為wei新xin技ji術shu新xin產chan品pin推tui廣guang應ying用yong提ti供gong豐feng富fu的de應ying用yong場chang景jing和he市shi場chang空kong間jian。曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,具ju有you超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang的de國guo家jia和he地di區qu往wang往wang都dou有you較jiao強qiang的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li。然ran而er也ye要yao看kan到dao,當dang前qian我wo國guo市shi場chang體ti係xi仍reng不bu健jian全quan,“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、shehuixinyongdengshichangjingjijichuzhidu,jianshegaobiaozhunshichangtixi。guanjianyaozhelipochushichangbilei,dapodiqufengeyugezhongxingshidedifangbaohu,chongfenjifashichangneishengdongli。tongguojianshequanguotongyidashichang,yindaoxianjinyouzhishengchanyaosuxiangxinzhishengchanlilingyushunchanghuiju,shixiankuachanye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、gonggeihexuqiuliangxinghudong,zengqiangguoneidaxunhuanneishengdonglihekekaoxing。dalitizhenxiaofei,luoshidaguimoshebeigengxinhexiaofeipinyijiuhuanxinxiangguanzhengce,bawoguochaodaguimoshichangxuqiuheyingyongchangjingfengfudeshichangyoushizhuanhuaweituidongxinzhishengchanlifazhandeqiangdaneishengdongli。
市shi場chang分fen割ge與yu地di方fang保bao護hu是shi建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang的de主zhu要yao障zhang礙ai,也ye是shi製zhi約yue新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan和he要yao素su自zi由you流liu動dong的de深shen層ceng次ci瓶ping頸jing。發fa展zhan新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li,要yao求qiu堅jian持chi全quan國guo一yi盤pan棋qi,打da通tong製zhi約yue要yao素su暢chang通tong流liu動dong的de卡ka點dian堵du點dian,實shi現xian資zi源yuan高gao效xiao組zu合he和he協xie同tong創chuang新xin。為wei此ci,要yao堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,統tong一yi政zheng府fu行xing為wei尺chi度du,自zi覺jiao破po除chu封feng閉bi小xiao市shi場chang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”jingzheng。tongshi,yingqianghuafazhiyinlingyubaozhangzuoyong,yunyongfalvshouduanguifanshichangjingzheng,qianghuazhidutongyiyujianguanxietiao,jiakuaiqinglifeichufangaiquanguotongyishichanghegongpingjingzhengdegezhongguidinghezuofa,quanmianluoshi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、合he作zuo共gong贏ying的de區qu域yu協xie同tong創chuang新xin格ge局ju。擴kuo大da高gao水shui平ping對dui外wai開kai放fang,利li用yong國guo內nei國guo際ji市shi場chang的de協xie同tong作zuo用yong和he規gui模mo經jing濟ji效xiao應ying,打da通tong國guo內nei外wai高gao端duan要yao素su市shi場chang,增zeng強qiang對dui全quan球qiu優you質zhi資zi源yuan的de集ji聚ju能neng力li,打da造zao吸xi引yin國guo際ji創chuang新xin要yao素su的de“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”hendachengdujiutixianzailvsefazhanshang。lvshuiqingshanyunhanzhewuqiongdejingjijiazhi,nengyuanyuanbuduanchuangzaozonghexiaoyi,zhichengjingjishehuikechixufazhan。dangqian,jinguanshengtaihuanjingbaohurenwujianju,danshengtaihuanjingyezaichixugaishan,buduanyunyuzhexindejingzhengyoushi。zheyouzhuyutuidongditan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
xinzhishengchanlibenzhishangshixianjinshengchanlizhitai,bujinyaoqiuzhonggoushengchanlifazhanluoji,gengqiangtiaorenyuziranhexiegongsheng。jianchiyichuangxinqudonglvsebiange,tongguokejifunengtuidongshengchanyaosudelvsezhuanxingyugaoxiaopeizhi,jinerjianglvsejishu、先xian進jin產chan業ye與yu低di碳tan生sheng活huo方fang式shi全quan麵mian融rong入ru生sheng態tai文wen明ming建jian設she,旨zhi在zai突tu破po資zi源yuan環huan境jing約yue束shu,開kai辟pi可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan新xin路lu徑jing。在zai實shi踐jian中zhong,要yao全quan麵mian提ti升sheng綠lv色se科ke技ji創chuang新xin能neng力li,組zu織zhi開kai展zhan綠lv色se科ke技ji攻gong關guan,加jia強qiang數shu字zi技ji術shu與yu綠lv色se技ji術shu的de融rong合he,加jia快kuai產chan業ye綠lv色se轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji,打da造zao高gao效xiao生sheng態tai綠lv色se產chan業ye集ji群qun。加jia快kuai構gou建jian綠lv色se低di碳tan循xun環huan發fa展zhan經jing濟ji體ti係xi,壯zhuang大da綠lv色se產chan業ye和he綠lv色se經jing濟ji規gui模mo,顯xian著zhu降jiang低di全quan鏈lian條tiao能neng耗hao物wu耗hao,形xing成cheng科ke技ji含han量liang高gao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
xinzhishengchanliqubieyuchuantongshengchanlideyigezhongyaofangmian,jiushijiangshengtaihuanjingdengyaosunarushengchanhanshu,jiaqianglvsekejichuangxin,tigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,jiuyaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshandelinian,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生sheng態tai安an全quan是shi國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji石shi。作zuo為wei綠lv色se生sheng產chan力li,新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan與yu生sheng態tai安an全quan緊jin密mi相xiang連lian。必bi須xu堅jian持chi以yi總zong體ti國guo家jia安an全quan觀guan為wei指zhi導dao,從cong保bao障zhang國guo家jia生sheng態tai安an全quan、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、wendingxinghechixuxing。yaozhashituijinshengtaibaohuxiufu,qianghuajianguanxiaoneng,jiakuaijiansheguojiashengtaianquanpingzhang,weizisunhoudailiuxiashanqingshuixiudeshengtaikongjian。chixutuijinwuranfangzhigongjianheshengtaixitongyouhua,jijiyouxiaoyingduigezhongshengtaihuanjingfengxiantiaozhan,bashengtaihuanjingfengxiannaruchangtaihuaguanli,xitonggoujianquanguocheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。