http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-07 13:19:46 來源:中國科學報
在中國當前有點浮躁、同(tong)時(shi)帶(dai)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)驕(jiao)傲(ao)自(zi)滿(man)情(qing)緒(xu)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),要(yao)認(ren)清(qing)一(yi)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti),工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)步(bu)沒(mei)有(you)捷(jie)徑(jing)。我(wo)們(men)不(bu)能(neng)期(qi)望(wang)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)像(xiang)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)或(huo)者(zhe)房(fang)地(di)產(chan)一(yi)樣(yang)突(tu)飛(fei)猛(meng)進(jin),因(yin)為(wei)工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)邏(luo)輯(ji)與(yu)前(qian)者(zhe)完(wan)全(quan)不(bu)同(tong)。
shouxian,gongyejishuxuyaojilei。gongyejishudedaduoshulingyudoubushiyuanlixingde,bingbushimouyigegongshihuozheyuanlidetupo,yiranshizaidajiadouzhangwodeyuanlishangdeyizhongshixian,danshijibianruci,jishudejinbuyiranfeichangkunnan。zaihenduolingxiandegongyejishuchanpinzhong,youwushujishushangdechuangxin,gengyougenchanpinshixianxiangpeitaodejishu,zhexiechuangxinyouhenduoshenzhixiebuchenglunwen,danshiduiyuchanpindeshixianjiufeichangguanjian。dangwomenzhinengkandaochanpin,erkanbudaobeihoudejishuchuangxin,womenzhinengzijimosuo,zhidaowomenyezhongxianlenagejishuchuangxin。deguodegongyejishuyizhizaiquanqiuchuyulingxianzhuangtai(當然不是全部領域,至少在機械製造領域如此),就(jiu)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)德(de)國(guo)很(hen)多(duo)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)領(ling)域(yu)耕(geng)耘(yun)了(le)幾(ji)十(shi)年(nian)甚(shen)至(zhi)上(shang)百(bai)年(nian),加(jia)上(shang)德(de)國(guo)人(ren)的(de)敬(jing)業(ye)精(jing)神(shen)和(he)科(ke)學(xue)修(xiu)養(yang),我(wo)們(men)不(bu)能(neng)否(fou)認(ren)那(na)些(xie)看(kan)似(si)很(hen)貴(gui)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)背(bei)後(hou)沒(mei)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)不(bu)容(rong)易(yi)想(xiang)到(dao)的(de)技(ji)巧(qiao)存(cun)在(zai)。
工業技術進步還需要產業配套的積累。沒有一家公司的產品是完全自主的,從原料、設備、peijiandenggefangmiandouxuyaoqitaqiyedecanyu,renheyigehuanjiedeqianque,chanpindoubunengshixian。yinci,yaoxiangshixiangongyejishudejinbu,zhenggechanyeliandezhengtijinbufeichangguanjian,yilianggediandetupodoubuzuyiyingxiangzhenggechanye。womenguojiayezouzaileisidelushang,buguodaduoshuqingkuangxia,guanjianbujian、關鍵材料、關鍵軟件還不能自給,這正是未來需要不斷發展的。
其次,工業技術人才需要培養。發fa展zhan任ren何he一yi個ge產chan業ye都dou需xu要yao人ren才cai,而er人ren才cai的de培pei養yang不bu是shi一yi蹴cu而er就jiu的de,需xu要yao很hen多duo年nian才cai能neng完wan成cheng人ren才cai的de積ji累lei。有you幾ji個ge很hen高gao的de高gao手shou對dui一yi個ge國guo家jia的de產chan業ye來lai說shuo微wei不bu足zu道dao,要yao的de是shi成cheng千qian上shang萬wan個ge擁yong有you類lei似si能neng力li的de熟shu練lian技ji術shu工gong人ren才cai是shi整zheng個ge產chan業ye的de福fu音yin。我wo們men國guo家jia在zai工gong業ye技ji術shu教jiao育yu上shang還hai比bi較jiao落luo後hou,很hen多duo領ling域yu甚shen至zhi招zhao不bu到dao合he適shi的de人ren才cai。正zheng如ru華hua為wei前qian段duan時shi間jian公gong布bu的de未wei來lai人ren工gong智zhi能neng發fa展zhan的de計ji劃hua中zhong,強qiang調tiao人ren才cai的de欠qian缺que困kun擾rao著zhe整zheng個ge行xing業ye的de發fa展zhan。工gong業ye技ji術shu的de進jin步bu需xu要yao的de人ren才cai體ti量liang是shi巨ju大da的de,那na些xie從cong生sheng產chan線xian上shang被bei趕gan走zou的de低di技ji術shu工gong人ren需xu要yao盡jin快kuai地di轉zhuan化hua為wei可ke以yi從cong事shi更geng高gao層ceng工gong作zuo的de高gao級ji產chan業ye工gong人ren,可ke以yi預yu計ji未wei來lai二er十shi年nian中zhong國guo的de職zhi業ye教jiao育yu會hui大da大da發fa展zhan,至zhi少shao可ke以yi向xiang德de國guo學xue習xi。德de國guo的de職zhi業ye教jiao育yu非fei常chang發fa達da,而er我wo們men國guo家jia職zhi業ye教jiao育yu部bu分fen的de實shi力li有you待dai提ti高gao。
再次,工業技術的成功與商業緊密相關。zaihenduolingyu,birubandaoti,bingbushizhongguoshenmedouzuobuchulai,youxieshikeyizuode,yihandeshidoushiluohouyiliangdaidechanpin。qishizhexienengliyijinghenlebuqi,danshizaihenduolingyu,bunengxingchengchenggongdeshangye,jishudejinbujiangshiquchixudezhichi。womenguojiadehegaojixiangmuzhongdehenduoxiangmujishushangyexudadaolemubiao,danshi,youyushangyeshangbunengchenggong,duanzandedabiaohenkuaijiubianchenglelishi,zheyedaozhiwomenguojiazaixiangguanjishulingyudekeyanzhichixingchenglefanfuzhichi、反fan複fu落luo後hou的de尷gan尬ga。當dang然ran,即ji使shi沒mei有you形xing成cheng商shang業ye,也ye培pei養yang了le大da量liang的de人ren才cai,給gei社she會hui積ji累lei了le一yi些xie經jing驗yan。事shi實shi上shang,相xiang對dui於yu科ke技ji部bu的de支zhi持chi力li度du,很hen多duo領ling域yu的de支zhi持chi要yao求qiu要yao大da得de多duo得de多duo。我wo們men國guo家jia半ban導dao體ti工gong業ye的de落luo後hou就jiu是shi由you於yu沒mei有you配pei套tao商shang業ye的de支zhi持chi導dao致zhi不bu能neng有you持chi續xu性xing的de進jin步bu,並bing不bu是shi從cong業ye人ren員yuan不bu努nu力li,而er是shi投tou入ru不bu足zu,時shi機ji未wei到dao。
最後,工業技術的發展與社會文化的不斷成熟緊密相關。一個國家的工業技術的發展有賴於這個社會的文化基因,不同文化基因導致不同的發展路線,這在英國、德國、法國、美mei國guo和he日ri本ben表biao現xian得de非fei常chang明ming顯xian。我wo們men國guo家jia在zai曆li史shi上shang不bu重zhong視shi科ke學xue技ji術shu,技ji術shu的de傳chuan承cheng有you保bao守shou的de傾qing向xiang,社she會hui不bu重zhong視shi技ji工gong等deng一yi係xi列lie文wen化hua特te點dian,其qi中zhong有you些xie更geng是shi阻zu礙ai技ji術shu的de發fa展zhan和he進jin步bu。相xiang信xin,隨sui著zhe社she會hui的de發fa展zhan,不bu可ke能neng每mei個ge人ren都dou去qu當dang明ming星xing,也ye不bu能neng每mei個ge人ren都dou去qu當dang科ke學xue家jia,更geng不bu可ke能neng每mei個ge人ren都dou去qu當dang領ling導dao,那na麼me社she會hui的de競jing爭zheng將jiang使shi得de更geng多duo人ren理li性xing地di選xuan擇ze自zi己ji的de職zhi業ye發fa展zhan。正zheng如ru德de國guo,很hen多duo年nian輕qing人ren不bu願yuan意yi讀du大da學xue,而er去qu進jin入ru技ji校xiao,最zui後hou一yi樣yang能neng夠gou得de到dao富fu足zu幸xing福fu的de人ren生sheng。
總(zong)的(de)來(lai)說(shuo),中(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)今(jin)天(tian),已(yi)經(jing)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)瓶(ping)頸(jing)期(qi),內(nei)外(wai)部(bu)情(qing)況(kuang)都(dou)不(bu)隨(sui)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)意(yi)誌(zhi)在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化(hua),任(ren)何(he)的(de)情(qing)緒(xu)化(hua)思(si)維(wei)都(dou)不(bu)能(neng)解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)題(ti)。努(nu)力(li)認(ren)清(qing)一(yi)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti),不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)解(jie)決(jue)實(shi)際(ji)問(wen)題(ti),少(shao)點(dian)忽(hu)悠(you),紮(zha)實(shi)地(di)解(jie)決(jue)工(gong)業(ye)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)遇(yu)到(dao)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)問(wen)題(ti),正(zheng)是(shi)今(jin)天(tian)相(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)科(ke)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)們(men)需(xu)要(yao)做(zuo)的(de)事(shi)情(qing)。也(ye)許(xu)還(hai)需(xu)要(yao)很(hen)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),中(zhong)國(guo)才(cai)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)預(yu)期(qi)的(de)目(mu)標(biao),但(dan)是(shi),誰(shui)又(you)能(neng)在(zai)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)前(qian)還(hai)餓(e)著(zhe)肚(du)子(zi)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)預(yu)測(ce)到(dao)今(jin)天(tian)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)強(qiang)大(da)與(yu)富(fu)強(qiang)呢(ne)?我(wo)們(men)的(de)未(wei)來(lai)是(shi)由(you)我(wo)們(men)自(zi)己(ji)創(chuang)造(zao)的(de),不(bu)能(neng)依(yi)賴(lai)任(ren)何(he)人(ren)的(de)施(shi)舍(she),事(shi)實(shi)上(shang),所(suo)有(you)的(de)施(shi)舍(she)都(dou)不(bu)是(shi)那(na)麼(me)高(gao)尚(shang)的(de)。
(作者係中國科學院自動化所研究員)