http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-14 16:48:11 來源:招商銀行研究 王寶權
受肺炎疫情突發影響,全國各地先後出台延遲複工安排。湖北省放假延至2月13日,北京、上海、重慶、湖南、河南、山東、安徽、廣東、江蘇等地假期延長至2月9日。鍾南山院士判斷本次疫情影響時間短於SARS,我們據此預期延遲複工影響將主要集中於一季度。
本ben次ci疫yi情qing對dui經jing濟ji壓ya力li顯xian而er易yi見jian,對dui有you一yi定ding逆ni周zhou期qi屬shu性xing且qie出chu口kou占zhan比bi不bu高gao的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye來lai說shuo影ying響xiang有you限xian,我wo們men認ren為wei,在zai高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao子zi領ling域yu中zhong,逆ni周zhou期qi屬shu性xing較jiao強qiang的de國guo防fang工gong業ye和he軌gui道dao交jiao通tong裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu受shou影ying響xiang較jiao小xiao;作為經濟二階導的自動化裝備行業受影響最大,或成為景氣度回升最慢的高端裝備子領域;工程機械受益於下遊行業的逆周期調節能力,短期受一定衝擊,但全年景氣度無憂。
一、自動化裝備:短期受疫情衝擊最大,長期或提升需求轉化率
我們認為自動化裝備(數控機床、機器人和激光器等)是shi受shou到dao此ci次ci疫yi情qing影ying響xiang最zui大da的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei細xi分fen子zi領ling域yu,主zhu要yao在zai於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei行xing業ye的de景jing氣qi度du與yu下xia遊you製zhi造zao業ye需xu求qiu緊jin密mi相xiang關guan,尤you其qi是shi應ying用yong占zhan比bi最zui高gao的de汽qi車che和he3C領域。
短期來看,本次疫情所造成的複工推遲將大麵積影響到各製造行業的景氣度。此外,湖北、廣東、浙江、河南、江蘇等疫情較為嚴重的省份是我國汽車和3C領(ling)域(yu)比(bi)較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong)和(he)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu),將(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)惡(e)化(hua)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)裝(zhuang)備(bei)企(qi)業(ye)下(xia)遊(you)需(xu)求(qiu)。由(you)於(yu)多(duo)為(wei)訂(ding)單(dan)式(shi)生(sheng)產(chan),在(zai)手(shou)訂(ding)單(dan)難(nan)以(yi)按(an)時(shi)完(wan)成(cheng)會(hui)同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)下(xia)遊(you)需(xu)求(qiu)惡(e)化(hua)將(jiang)給(gei)行(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)現(xian)金(jin)流(liu)壓(ya)力(li),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)。疊(die)加(jia)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)裝(zhuang)備(bei)出(chu)口(kou)受(shou)到(dao)限(xian)製(zhi)等(deng)影(ying)響(xiang),我(wo)們(men)預(yu)計(ji)一(yi)季(ji)度(du)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)裝(zhuang)備(bei)相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)麵(mian)臨(lin)的(de)現(xian)金(jin)流(liu)壓(ya)力(li)較(jiao)大(da),自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)裝(zhuang)備(bei)行(xing)業(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)二(er)階(jie)導(dao),其(qi)現(xian)金(jin)流(liu)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)可(ke)能(neng)延(yan)續(xu)到(dao)二(er)季(ji)度(du)。
長期來看,本次疫情有望促進自動化設備中機器人更多地走進服務場景,尤其是在體感檢測、配送、送餐、消毒殺菌、醫療、手術等場景中,機器人可以有效的替代人員進行作業,減少和降低不必要的風險;tongshiduiyuzidonghuazhuangbeitourujiaodadeqiyezaimiancileiwentishishoudaodeyingxiangzexiangduijiaoxiao,laodonglimijixingchanyeduiyuzidonghuazhuangbeidetourudeyouyuexingdeyitixian,zhehuojiangdailaiqiyeduiyuzidonghuatourutaidushangdebufenzhuanbian,zidonghuazhuangbeideqianzaixuqiuzhuanhualvhouxuyouwangshangyitaijie。
二、國防工業:受影響最小的高端裝備子行業
國guo防fang工gong業ye仍reng然ran具ju備bei一yi定ding的de計ji劃hua經jing濟ji色se彩cai,由you政zheng府fu主zhu導dao,景jing氣qi度du與yu軍jun費fei規gui模mo高gao度du相xiang關guan,將jiang是shi受shou本ben次ci疫yi情qing影ying響xiang最zui小xiao的de高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao子zi領ling域yu。中zhong國guo正zheng處chu於yu國guo防fang現xian代dai化hua、信息化建設的關鍵時期,存在巨大的裝備換裝與補足需求,軍費已保持多年高速增長。2020年是十三五收官之年,考慮以往五年計劃“前低後高”的規律以及軍改後的訂單恢複性增長,本年度軍費將繼續保持高增速。
從國防工業需求端來看,疫情並不會減少軍費規模與裝備需求;gonggeiduanshengchanjiezoujiangshoudaofugongyanchiyingxiang,youqishiyuancailiaoheyuanqijiandengshangyouhuanjie。canzhaoguofanggongyequanxingyelishijidushengchanshuju,yijidushengchanjinweiquanniande15%左(zuo)右(you),我(wo)們(men)認(ren)為(wei)疫(yi)情(qing)影(ying)響(xiang)主(zhu)要(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)一(yi)季(ji)度(du),對(dui)國(guo)防(fang)工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)影(ying)響(xiang)有(you)限(xian),即(ji)使(shi)一(yi)季(ji)度(du)生(sheng)產(chan)任(ren)務(wu)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)重(zhong)的(de)上(shang)遊(you)環(huan)節(jie)在(zai)複(fu)工(gong)後(hou)經(jing)過(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)節(jie)奏(zou)調(tiao)整(zheng)亦(yi)可(ke)彌(mi)補(bu)前(qian)期(qi)缺(que)口(kou)。
三、軌道交通裝備:短期受複工推遲影響,全年將保持高景氣度
軌道交通裝備市場主要由政府主導,景氣度與全國鐵路投資額高度相關。據2020年全國交通運輸工作會議消息,本年度全國計劃完成鐵路投資8000億元,高於2018年的7320億元,略低於2019年8029億元。軌道交通裝備市場有望保持高景氣度。
目前我國鐵路投資持續6000yiyishangtouziyueshinianzuoyou,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiurengyouxinzengxuqiuzhudao。yiqingduiquannianxinkaitongguidaojiaotonglichengdeyingxiangjianggouchengguidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiuduanzhongyaoyingxiangyinzi。womenrenweiruoyiqingruyuqidedaokongzhi,kaolvdaotieluxiangmunizhouqitiaojiefali,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeiquannianxuqiujingqiduyouwangweichizaigaowei。congshengchanduankan,yijidushiguijiaozhuangbeiqiyechuantongdanji,zhanbibuzu20%,對全年訂單交付能力影響有限,我們對全年訂單交付能力保持樂觀。
四、工程機械:短期下行不可避免,對全年景氣度保持相對樂觀
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