http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-07 03:35:10 來源:經濟日報
黨的二十屆四中全會明確提出,加快高水平科技自立自強,引領發展新質生產力。新質生產力,作為由技術革命性突破、生產要素創新性配置、產業深度轉型升級而催生的先進生產力質態,不僅符合新發展理念要求,而且已經在實踐中形成並展示出對高質量發展的強勁推動力、支zhi撐cheng力li。麵mian對dui新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge的de曆li史shi性xing機ji遇yu,唯wei有you牢lao牢lao把ba握wo新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li這zhe一yi關guan鍵jian變bian量liang,才cai能neng從cong根gen本ben上shang增zeng強qiang我wo國guo經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de內nei生sheng動dong力li,在zai日ri趨qu激ji烈lie的de全quan球qiu競jing爭zheng中zhong重zhong塑su優you勢shi、掌握戰略主動。
強化創新驅動 培育核心動能
科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)決(jue)定(ding)著(zhe)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)高(gao)度(du),也(ye)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)未(wei)來(lai)在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)位(wei)勢(shi)。盡(jin)管(guan)我(wo)國(guo)一(yi)些(xie)關(guan)鍵(jian)領(ling)域(yu)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)人(ren)的(de)局(ju)麵(mian)還(hai)沒(mei)有(you)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)得(de)到(dao)改(gai)變(bian),但(dan)這(zhe)些(xie)亟(ji)待(dai)突(tu)破(po)的(de)卡(ka)點(dian)堵(du)點(dian),正(zheng)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)未(wei)來(lai)發(fa)力(li)的(de)主(zhu)攻(gong)方(fang)向(xiang),其(qi)背(bei)後(hou)蘊(yun)藏(zang)著(zhe)構(gou)築(zhu)國(guo)家(jia)競(jing)爭(zheng)新(xin)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)潛(qian)力(li)和(he)戰(zhan)略(lve)空(kong)間(jian)。
科技創新是發展新質生產力的核心要素。不同於傳統生產力,新質生產力更加注重生產力“質”的變革。新質生產力的新質就在於,它是由革命性、顛覆性新技術所催生,並由此係統集成出新動能、培育出新優勢的一種先進生產力質態,具有高技術、高效能、gaozhiliangtezheng。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,youliyushixiangaoshuipingkejiziliziqiang,zengqiangjingjijingzhengli。zhejiuyaoqiumiaozhunkejiqianyan,quanligongjianguanjianhexinjishu,yitupoxingchengguocuishengxindongneng。jianchiyitituijinjiaoyukejirencaifazhan,cujinkejichuangxinyuchanyechuangxinshenduronghe,tishengguojiachuangxintixizhengtixiaoneng,zengqiangzizhuchuangxinnengli,qiangzhanweilaikejizhigaodian。tongshi,fahuikejichuangxindeyinlingzuoyong,quanmianshishi“人工智能+”行動,著力提升全要素生產率,加快新舊動能轉換,推動創新勢能切實轉化為高質量發展動能。
發展新質生產力是高質量發展的內在要求。我國全球創新指數排名已升至第10位,但仍麵臨結構性、體ti製zhi性xing及ji周zhou期qi性xing問wen題ti交jiao織zhi的de挑tiao戰zhan,核he心xin問wen題ti在zai於yu科ke技ji創chuang新xin能neng力li不bu足zu,對dui經jing濟ji社she會hui發fa展zhan的de支zhi撐cheng作zuo用yong未wei能neng充chong分fen顯xian現xian,高gao質zhi量liang科ke技ji供gong給gei仍reng顯xian欠qian缺que。新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li在zai載zai體ti層ceng麵mian,更geng多duo體ti現xian在zai高gao質zhi量liang、高效能、gaojiazhidexinchanyeshang。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,nenggouyikejichuangxinyinlinggaozhiliangfazhan,zengqiangjingjichuangxinli。zhejiuyaoshenrushishichuangxinqudongfazhanzhanlve,cujinchuangxinlianhechanyeliandewufengduijie,tongguoqianglianbulianyanliantishengchanyetixizhengtixiaoneng。tongguokejichuangxinyouhuatishengchuantongchanye、壯大戰略性新興產業、前瞻布局未來產業,不斷提升技術水平和產業發展質量;優化生產力諸要素的組合配置,推動發展方式綠色轉型,實現經濟效益、社會效益與生態效益的協同提升。
不容忽視的是,科技亦是一把“雙刃劍”,既(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan),也(ye)潛(qian)藏(zang)風(feng)險(xian),需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)安(an)全(quan)之(zhi)間(jian)找(zhao)到(dao)平(ping)衡(heng)點(dian),護(hu)航(hang)因(yin)地(di)製(zhi)宜(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)。為(wei)此(ci),需(xu)加(jia)快(kuai)完(wan)善(shan)國(guo)家(jia)創(chuang)新(xin)體(ti)係(xi),突(tu)破(po)關(guan)鍵(jian)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)瓶(ping)頸(jing),增(zeng)強(qiang)自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin)能(neng)力(li),有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)外(wai)部(bu)依(yi)賴(lai),提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)韌(ren)性(xing)。加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)、前沿領域的前瞻研判、動態追蹤,對可能引發的規則衝突、社she會hui風feng險xian與yu倫lun理li挑tiao戰zhan進jin行xing係xi統tong評ping估gu與yu預yu案an建jian設she,構gou建jian科ke技ji安an全quan風feng險xian監jian測ce預yu警jing和he應ying對dui體ti係xi,加jia強qiang科ke技ji基ji礎chu條tiao件jian自zi主zhu保bao障zhang。同tong時shi,積ji極ji參can與yu全quan球qiu科ke技ji治zhi理li,弘hong揚yang科ke技ji向xiang善shan理li念nian,讓rang科ke技ji發fa展zhan造zao福fu各ge國guo和he各ge國guo人ren民min。
完善產業體係 提升發展能級
現代化產業體係是新質生產力的重要載體。我國製造業已形成世界規模最大、門類最齊全、體係最完整、國際競爭力較強的發展優勢,為發展新質生產力提供了配套支撐和豐富的應用場景,但仍存在產業體係大而不強、quanerbujingdewenti。yaojianchibafazhanjingjidezhelidianfangzaishitijingjishang,jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,goujianyixianjinzhizaoyeweigugandexiandaihuachanyetixi,shizhigengjuyouwanzhengxing、先進性、安全性。
著眼完整性,加快傳統產業轉型升級和提質增效。產業體係完整性表現為產業門類齊全、chanyetixiwanbei,xingchengwanzhengqieyourenxingdechanyelian。chuantongchanyezaiwoguochanyefazhanzhongfahuizhezhongyaozuoyong,jishigoujianxiandaihuachanyetixidejishi,yeshijiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaozhelidian。chuantongchanyebudengyuluohouchanye,yunyongxinjishuduiqijinxinggaizaotisheng,shiyindizhiyifazhanxinzhishengchanlidezhongyaolujing。suizhexinyilunkejigeminghechanyebiangeshenrufazhan,chuantongchanyeguangfanyinruxinjishu、新工藝、新材料,持續推出高性能、高質量、dinenghaodechuangxinchanpin。zhebiaoming,fazhanxinzhishengchanliyuchuantongchanyezhuanxingshengjimibukefen,fazhanxinzhishengchanlijuebuyiweizhehushishenzhifangqichuantongchanye,eryingzaibaochizhizaoyehelibizhong、促進服務業擴能提質的基礎上,推動其向高端化、智能化、綠色化轉型。具體而言,要堅持數字賦能,以數字技術、智能技術推進數字產業化和產業數字化,實現傳統產業深度“蝶變”。同時,積極應用新能源與節能環保技術,優化工藝流程,推動傳統產業在優勢領域鍛長板、在薄弱環節補短板,實現降本提質增效。
著zhe眼yan先xian進jin性xing,大da力li發fa展zhan新xin興xing產chan業ye和he未wei來lai產chan業ye。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing主zhu要yao是shi指zhi產chan業ye體ti係xi具ju備bei較jiao強qiang的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin能neng力li,能neng適shi應ying新xin一yi輪lun科ke技ji革ge命ming和he產chan業ye變bian革ge要yao求qiu,產chan業ye發fa展zhan符fu合he智zhi能neng化hua、綠色化、融合化的要求。戰略性新興產業、未來產業是生成和發展新質生產力的重要陣地,是產業體係先進性的重要體現,也是優化經濟結構、改(gai)變(bian)競(jing)爭(zheng)格(ge)局(ju)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)力(li)量(liang)。世(shi)界(jie)強(qiang)國(guo)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)源(yuan)於(yu)其(qi)對(dui)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)未(wei)來(lai)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)前(qian)瞻(zhan)布(bu)局(ju)與(yu)戰(zhan)略(lve)投(tou)入(ru)。當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)舊(jiu)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)函(han)數(shu)組(zu)合(he)方(fang)式(shi)已(yi)經(jing)難(nan)以(yi)持(chi)續(xu),必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)速(su)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)。著(zhe)力(li)打(da)造(zao)新(xin)興(xing)支(zhi)柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye),實(shi)施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)工(gong)程(cheng),加(jia)快(kuai)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)、新材料、航空航天、低空經濟等戰略性新興產業集群發展,完善產業生態,加快新興產業規模化發展。前瞻布局未來產業,推動量子科技、生物製造、氫能和核聚變能、腦機接口、具身智能、diliudaiyidongtongxindengchengweixindejingjizengchangdian,jianliweilaichanyetouruzengchanghefengxianfendanjizhi,cujinzhongxiaoqiyezhuanjingtexinfazhan,genghaotuidongjingjikechixufazhan。
zheyananquanxing,zengqiangchanyelianrenxinghejingzhengli。chanyetixideanquanxing,zhuyaobiaoxianweichanyeliangongyingliananquankekao,chanyeguanjianhexinjishuzizhukekong,gechanyeyouxulianjie,guominjingjixunhuangaoxiaochangtong。zaishijianzhong,yaoqianghuaguanjianhexinjishugongguan,zhububaituowaibuyilai,tishengyingdui“脫鉤斷鏈”衝擊的能力,加快鞏固壯大實體經濟根基,圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈供應鏈,推動短板產業補鏈、優勢產業延鏈、傳統產業升鏈、xinxingchanyejianlian,zengqiangchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping。youhuazhongdashengchanlibuju,fahuizhongdianquyuzengchangjizuoyong,tuidongchanyezaibutongdiqujianyouxuzhuanyi,jiansheguojiazhanlvefudiheguanjianchanyebeifen,tigaochanyetixidekangfengxiannengli。
拓展需求空間 打造市場優勢
當(dang)今(jin)世(shi)界(jie),市(shi)場(chang)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)最(zui)稀(xi)缺(que)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan),而(er)我(wo)國(guo)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)超(chao)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang),正(zheng)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)參(can)與(yu)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)優(you)勢(shi)。發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),離(li)不(bu)開(kai)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)擴(kuo)散(san)與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)持(chi)續(xu)拓(tuo)展(zhan),為(wei)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)提(ti)供(gong)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景(jing)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)空(kong)間(jian)。曆(li)史(shi)經(jing)驗(yan)表(biao)明(ming),具(ju)有(you)超(chao)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)和(he)地(di)區(qu)往(wang)往(wang)都(dou)有(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。然(ran)而(er)也(ye)要(yao)看(kan)到(dao),當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)市(shi)場(chang)體(ti)係(xi)仍(reng)不(bu)健(jian)全(quan),“內卷式”競爭與市場分割現象依然存在,製約了整體效能的釋放。麵對外部衝擊與需求波動,必須著力打破壁壘、暢通循環,將“超大規模”的體量優勢升級為“超強規模”的係統優勢,進而轉化為實實在在的國家競爭優勢。
建設全國統一大市場是促進新質生產力生成的基礎支撐,有助於推動各類生產要素在更大範圍內順暢流動、高效組合,為發展新質生產力夯實要素基礎。作為全球最具增長潛力的市場,我國必須持續完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、社she會hui信xin用yong等deng市shi場chang經jing濟ji基ji礎chu製zhi度du,建jian設she高gao標biao準zhun市shi場chang體ti係xi。關guan鍵jian要yao著zhe力li破po除chu市shi場chang壁bi壘lei,打da破po地di區qu分fen割ge與yu各ge種zhong形xing式shi的de地di方fang保bao護hu,充chong分fen激ji發fa市shi場chang內nei生sheng動dong力li。通tong過guo建jian設she全quan國guo統tong一yi大da市shi場chang,引yin導dao先xian進jin優you質zhi生sheng產chan要yao素su向xiang新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li領ling域yu順shun暢chang彙hui聚ju,實shi現xian跨kua產chan業ye、跨區域一體融合發展,進而推動生產、分配、流通、消費各環節在全國範圍內高效協同,提升資源配置的整體效能。同時,堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點,堅持惠民生和促消費、投資於物和投資於人緊密結合,以新需求引領新供給,以新供給創造新需求,促進消費和投資、供gong給gei和he需xu求qiu良liang性xing互hu動dong,增zeng強qiang國guo內nei大da循xun環huan內nei生sheng動dong力li和he可ke靠kao性xing。大da力li提ti振zhen消xiao費fei,落luo實shi大da規gui模mo設she備bei更geng新xin和he消xiao費fei品pin以yi舊jiu換huan新xin相xiang關guan政zheng策ce,把ba我wo國guo超chao大da規gui模mo市shi場chang需xu求qiu和he應ying用yong場chang景jing豐feng富fu的de市shi場chang優you勢shi轉zhuan化hua為wei推tui動dong新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de強qiang大da內nei生sheng動dong力li。
shichangfengeyudifangbaohushijianshequanguotongyidashichangdezhuyaozhangai,yeshizhiyuexinzhishengchanlifazhanheyaosuziyouliudongdeshencengcipingjing。fazhanxinzhishengchanli,yaoqiujianchiquanguoyipanqi,datongzhiyueyaosuchangtongliudongdekadiandudian,shixianziyuangaoxiaozuhehexietongchuangxin。weici,yaojianchiyouxiaoshichangheyouweizhengfuxiangjiehe,tongyizhengfuxingweichidu,zijiaopochufengbixiaoshichang、自我小循環,打造統一的要素和資源市場,整治“內卷式”jingzheng。tongshi,yingqianghuafazhiyinlingyubaozhangzuoyong,yunyongfalvshouduanguifanshichangjingzheng,qianghuazhidutongyiyujianguanxietiao,jiakuaiqinglifeichufangaiquanguotongyishichanghegongpingjingzhengdegezhongguidinghezuofa,quanmianluoshi“全國一張清單”管理模式,加快建立全國統一的市場製度規則,為經營主體營造公平透明的競爭環境。
xinzhishengchanliyijishuchuangxinweizhongyaoyinqing,yishichangxuqiuweiguanjianqianyin。jiakuaixinzhishengchanlifazhan,bujinnengmanzuxiaofeishengjixuqiu,gengnengtongguodianfuxingjishuhechuangxinchanpinchuangzaoxuqiu,tuidonggongxushuangfangdediedaishengjiyuxianghucujin,shixiangaoshuipingdongtaipingheng。yaofahuiwoguochaodaguimoshichangyoushi,tuidongshichangyou“超大”走向“超強”,關鍵在於健全要素市場體係,規範競爭秩序,完善要素配置機製,營造更加公平、更具活力的市場環境。統籌地區間的競爭與合作關係,增強政策協同,促進創新資源跨區域共享融通,形成良性互動、優勢互補、合he作zuo共gong贏ying的de區qu域yu協xie同tong創chuang新xin格ge局ju。擴kuo大da高gao水shui平ping對dui外wai開kai放fang,利li用yong國guo內nei國guo際ji市shi場chang的de協xie同tong作zuo用yong和he規gui模mo經jing濟ji效xiao應ying,打da通tong國guo內nei外wai高gao端duan要yao素su市shi場chang,增zeng強qiang對dui全quan球qiu優you質zhi資zi源yuan的de集ji聚ju能neng力li,打da造zao吸xi引yin國guo際ji創chuang新xin要yao素su的de“引力場”。
夯實綠色家底 厚植生態根基
綠色發展是高質量發展的底色,新質生產力本身就是綠色生產力。新質生產力代表著更具創新性、可持續性與競爭力的發展方向,是推動生態文明建設的重要動能。新質生產力的“質優”很hen大da程cheng度du就jiu體ti現xian在zai綠lv色se發fa展zhan上shang。綠lv水shui青qing山shan蘊yun含han著zhe無wu窮qiong的de經jing濟ji價jia值zhi,能neng源yuan源yuan不bu斷duan創chuang造zao綜zong合he效xiao益yi,支zhi撐cheng經jing濟ji社she會hui可ke持chi續xu發fa展zhan。當dang前qian,盡jin管guan生sheng態tai環huan境jing保bao護hu任ren務wu艱jian巨ju,但dan生sheng態tai環huan境jing也ye在zai持chi續xu改gai善shan,不bu斷duan孕yun育yu著zhe新xin的de競jing爭zheng優you勢shi。這zhe有you助zhu於yu推tui動dong低di碳tan、生態、循環經濟蓬勃發展,加速形成綠色生產與生活方式,不斷夯實高質量發展的“綠色家底”。
新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)本(ben)質(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)先(xian)進(jin)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)質(zhi)態(tai),不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)求(qiu)重(zhong)構(gou)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)邏(luo)輯(ji),更(geng)強(qiang)調(tiao)人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動(dong)綠(lv)色(se)變(bian)革(ge),通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)技(ji)賦(fu)能(neng)推(tui)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)型(xing)與(yu)高(gao)效(xiao)配(pei)置(zhi),進(jin)而(er)將(jiang)綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)術(shu)、xianjinchanyeyuditanshenghuofangshiquanmianrongrushengtaiwenmingjianshe,zhizaitupoziyuanhuanjingyueshu,kaipikechixufazhanxinlujing。zaishijianzhong,yaoquanmiantishenglvsekejichuangxinnengli,zuzhikaizhanlvsekejigongguan,jiaqiangshuzijishuyulvsejishuderonghe,jiakuaichanyelvsezhuanxingshengji,dazaogaoxiaoshengtailvsechanyejiqun。jiakuaigoujianlvseditanxunhuanfazhanjingjitixi,zhuangdalvsechanyehelvsejingjiguimo,xianzhujiangdiquanliantiaonenghaowuhao,xingchengkejihanlianggao、資源消耗少、環境汙染小的產業結構。
xinzhishengchanliqubieyuchuantongshengchanlideyigezhongyaofangmian,jiushijiangshengtaihuanjingdengyaosunarushengchanhanshu,jiaqianglvsekejichuangxin,tigaoziyuanliyongxiaolv。jiakuaifazhanxinzhishengchanli,jiuyaolaogushulihejianxinglvshuiqingshanjiushijinshanyinshandelinian,jiandingbuyizoushengtaiyouxian、綠色發展之路,站在人與自然和諧共生的高度謀劃發展。以碳達峰碳中和為牽引,協同推進降碳、減汙、擴綠、增長,構建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體係,加快綠色低碳技術應用,推動形成節約資源和保護環境的空間格局、產業結構、生產方式、生活方式,以生態“含綠量”提升發展“含金量”。
生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)石(shi)。作(zuo)為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li),新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連(lian)。必(bi)須(xu)堅(jian)持(chi)以(yi)總(zong)體(ti)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)觀(guan)為(wei)指(zhi)導(dao),從(cong)保(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全(quan)、實現中華民族永續發展的高度出發,全麵提升生態係統多樣性、wendingxinghechixuxing。yaozhashituijinshengtaibaohuxiufu,qianghuajianguanxiaoneng,jiakuaijiansheguojiashengtaianquanpingzhang,weizisunhoudailiuxiashanqingshuixiudeshengtaikongjian。chixutuijinwuranfangzhigongjianheshengtaixitongyouhua,jijiyouxiaoyingduigezhongshengtaihuanjingfengxiantiaozhan,bashengtaihuanjingfengxiannaruchangtaihuaguanli,xitonggoujianquanguocheng、多層級生態環境風險防範體係。同時,完善國家生態安全工作協調機製,增強風險研判、監測預警、應急響應與處置能力,實現新質生產力發展與生態安全保障的良性互促。