編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing
，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong
，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案

，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng，tongguoteshudezhilingji，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng，jiezhujianrongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計
，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo
，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi
，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi
，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工gong控kong機ji是shi專zhuan門men為wei工gong業ye現xian場chang而er設she計ji的de計ji算suan機ji，工gong業ye現xian場chang一yi般ban具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de震zhen動dong，灰hui塵chen特te別bie多duo
，另ling有you很hen高gao的de電dian磁ci場chang力li幹gan擾rao等deng特te點dian，且qie一yi般ban工gong廠chang均jun是shi連lian續xu作zuo業ye即ji一yi年nian中zhong一yi般ban沒mei有you休xiu息xi，在zai惡e劣lie條tiao件jian下xia影ying響xiang工gong控kong主zhu機ji效xiao能neng的de不bu單dan單dan是shi其qi使shi用yong壽shou命ming，對dui於yu關guan鍵jian性xing業ye務wu來lai講jiang確que保bao業ye務wu的de穩wen定ding性xing和he連lian續xu性xing顯xian得de格ge外wai重zhong要yao
，使shi用yong虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou主zhu要yao在zai於yu虛xu擬ni化hua的de操cao作zuo係xi統tong僅jin僅jin是shi以yi文wen件jian形xing式shi存cun在zai

，包bao括kuo內nei存cun的de鏡jing像xiang等deng，在zai發fa生sheng災zai難nan情qing況kuang下xia可ke以yi做zuo到dao零ling毫hao秒miao快kuai速su無wu縫feng切qie換huan
，所suo以yi在zai關guan鍵jian業ye務wu應ying用yong場chang所suo保bao障zhang了le業ye務wu的de連lian續xu可ke靠kao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian
，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu
，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等deng眾zhong多duo操cao作zuo係xi統tong，實shi現xian以yi往wang不bu可ke能neng實shi現xian的de多duo宿xiu主zhu架jia構gou
，在zai工gong控kong應ying用yong當dang中zhong，可ke以yi滿man足zu多duo種zhong業ye務wu係xi統tong的de需xu要yao。快kuai照zhao功gong能neng在zai虛xu擬ni化hua環huan境jing中zhong支zhi持chi每mei卷juan創chuang建jian多duo個ge快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，並bing將jiang這zhe些xie時shi間jian點dian拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei其qi他ta虛xu擬ni機ji。這zhe樣yang用yong戶hu隻zhi需xu創chuang建jian生sheng產chan數shu據ju的de快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei並bing分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo測ce試shi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，就jiu能neng夠gou創chuang建jian出chu功gong能neng強qiang大da的de測ce試shi環huan境jing了le。一yi旦dan用yong戶hu建jian立li了le虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi環huan境jing，用yong戶hu就jiu能neng夠gou快kuai速su創chuang建jian虛xu擬ni測ce試shi服fu務wu器qi。測ce試shi人ren員yuan不bu僅jin能neng夠gou在zai幾ji秒miao鍾zhong內nei分fen配pei獲huo得de真zhen實shi的de“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben
，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng
，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang 
，唯wei一yi需xu要yao安an裝zhuang備bei份fen軟ruan件jian的de虛xu擬ni機ji就jiu是shi備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi了le。在zai處chu理li數shu百bai個ge虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi時shi
，這zhe樣yang做zuo有you助zhu於yu大da幅fu降jiang低di備bei份fen許xu可ke證zheng的de成cheng本ben，通tong過guo快kuai照zhao功gong能neng有you效xiao提ti高gao工gong控kong機ji的de穩wen定ding性xing。