http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-13 10:42:39 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
在zai互hu聯lian互hu通tong的de世shi界jie裏li,可ke稱cheng之zhi為wei重zhong大da技ji術shu創chuang新xin的de,大da部bu分fen是shi在zai強qiang烈lie的de社she會hui民min生sheng需xu求qiu推tui動dong下xia實shi現xian的de原yuan創chuang性xing突tu破po。工gong業ye互hu聯lian網wang技ji術shu進jin一yi步bu發fa展zhan,應ying更geng自zi覺jiao地di與yu社she會hui民min生sheng需xu求qiu相xiang契qi合he,以yi此ci獲huo得de更geng大da的de飛fei躍yue。
工信部日前發布的指數顯示,我國工業互聯網平台發展水平全麵提高,呈現出平台供給牽引需求、產業鏈上下遊互聯互通、沿海地區輻射內陸的態勢,工業互聯網賦能製造業不斷轉型升級。去年,工業互聯網平台發展指數較上年增長17.23%,連續4年保持15%以上增幅。當前,我國工業互聯網發展呈現產業規模大、行業領域多、體係結構全等特點,發展前景良好。
談起工業互聯網,既需關注“工業”,也應強調“互聯網”,二者缺一不可。過去,人們習慣以“社會化大生產”來界定工業革命以來的近現代生產方式,即表現為普遍分工和大規模製造。社會化大生產的標誌性技術通常包括兩類:一類是邊際性新技術發明,及其所產生的不斷擴散的工業賦能現象,例如蒸汽機、機床、汽車等;另(ling)一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)明(ming),及(ji)其(qi)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)普(pu)遍(bian)性(xing)工(gong)業(ye)賦(fu)能(neng)現(xian)象(xiang)。前(qian)者(zhe)的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)路(lu)徑(jing)特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)點(dian)狀(zhuang)擴(kuo)散(san),若(ruo)幹(gan)經(jing)濟(ji)主(zhu)體(ti)率(lv)先(xian)發(fa)明(ming),繼(ji)而(er)逐(zhu)步(bu)由(you)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)位(wei)模(mo)仿(fang)使(shi)用(yong)。後(hou)者(zhe)的(de)特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)全(quan)麵(mian)采(cai)用(yong)普(pu)及(ji),新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)一(yi)旦(dan)發(fa)明(ming),很(hen)快(kuai)在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)領(ling)域(yu)廣(guang)泛(fan)使(shi)用(yong),電(dian)力(li)和(he)電(dian)網(wang)就(jiu)屬(shu)於(yu)此(ci)類(lei)。電(dian)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)發(fa)明(ming)後(hou),幾(ji)乎(hu)所(suo)有(you)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)活(huo)動(dong)都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)電(dian)力(li)及(ji)電(dian)網(wang)支(zhi)持(chi)。工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)越(yue)先(xian)進(jin),就(jiu)越(yue)依(yi)賴(lai)電(dian);生產出半導體芯片後,最大的資源消耗就是電能。如果離開電網,絕大多數工業生產活動都難以為繼。
如(ru)今(jin),可(ke)以(yi)與(yu)電(dian)相(xiang)類(lei)比(bi)的(de)是(shi)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)。互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)工(gong)業(ye)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang),在(zai)生(sheng)活(huo)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)是(shi)基(ji)於(yu)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)手(shou)機(ji)。互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)是(shi)邊(bian)際(ji)性(xing)而(er)是(shi)整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)的(de)。在(zai)社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong),離(li)開(kai)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)幾(ji)乎(hu)“寸步難行”,掃(sao)碼(ma)支(zhi)付(fu)等(deng)諸(zhu)多(duo)公(gong)共(gong)設(she)施(shi)都(dou)無(wu)法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)。這(zhe)是(shi)人(ren)類(lei)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)一(yi)次(ci)更(geng)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)更(geng)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)現(xian)象(xiang)。在(zai)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)社(she)會(hui)化(hua)大(da)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong),斷(duan)網(wang)如(ru)同(tong)斷(duan)電(dian),人(ren)們(men)無(wu)法(fa)正(zheng)常(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)。
可(ke)見(jian),與(yu)邊(bian)際(ji)性(xing)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)不(bu)同(tong),整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)具(ju)有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)性(xing)質(zhi),即(ji)一(yi)旦(dan)發(fa)明(ming)和(he)使(shi)用(yong),就(jiu)成(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)公(gong)共(gong)性(xing)設(she)施(shi)。互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)從(cong)早(zao)先(xian)開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)“公共品”laiyunyongde。wulunnaleishengchanzhuti,yebulunnaleirenqun,doulibukaihulianwang,libukaiyihulianwangjishuweijichudezhinengshouji。hulianwangjishubujinkeyibianjixingdifunenggeleijishuchuangxin,tigaoxiaolv,cujinjiegoushengji,haikeyizhengtixingditishengshehuihuashengchanheshehuijiaowangdeneizaizhiliang。gaozhiliangfazhanzaihendachengdushangshiyihulianwangdexinxijishuweiguanjianzhicheng,xinxinggongyehuazeshiyihulianwangjiyihulianwangweijichuderengongzhinengjishudengweibiaozhi,rudiercigongyegemingyidiandeshiyongweiqijishubiaozhinaban。
dangxia,gongyehulianwangtishengleshehuishengchanheshehuijiaowangdeneizaizhiliang,youzhuyutuijingaozhiliangfazhan,zhuyaobiaoxianweixinxinggongyehuadexingtaibiange。bulunshijingjizhutidezuzhixingtai,haishijingjixingweideguizetixidoufashenglebuxiaobianhua。jingjihuodongdeshehuixinggoutong、連接、適應、包容等,也需要互聯網技術的有力支撐。例如,工業經濟的運行和發展在複雜的產業鏈、供應鏈、技術結構、ziyuanhuanjingzhongshixian,gongyehulianwangbujinfahuijishufunengzuoyong,erqiefahuiweihuguizezhixudejichuzuoyong。jingjixingweidechangtongyuanquanyaoyouguizebaozhang,hulianwangjishuzishendegaoxiaoheanquanshiqiyouxiaofahuishehuixinggongnengdebiranyaoqiu。
基於此,工業互聯網技術和生活互聯網技術是相互深度聯通的,領域間也是重疊的。強大的工業互聯網平台,使生產、生活、創新、就業等各種經濟技術行為交相融彙。由互聯網促進暢通並“連成一體”的de世shi界jie,與yu以yi往wang的de微wei觀guan市shi場chang格ge局ju相xiang比bi差cha異yi巨ju大da。不bu論lun是shi生sheng產chan行xing為wei還hai是shi生sheng活huo行xing為wei,抑yi或huo技ji術shu創chuang新xin,都dou有you更geng自zi覺jiao的de社she會hui與yu民min生sheng需xu求qiu。實shi際ji上shang,在zai互hu聯lian互hu通tong的de世shi界jie裏li,可ke稱cheng之zhi為wei重zhong大da技ji術shu創chuang新xin的de,大da部bu分fen都dou是shi在zai強qiang烈lie的de社she會hui與yu民min生sheng需xu求qiu推tui動dong下xia實shi現xian的de原yuan創chuang性xing突tu破po,比bi如ru個ge人ren電dian腦nao、互聯網、人工智能、ChatGPT、太(tai)空(kong)技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)。因(yin)此(ci),工(gong)業(ye)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan),應(ying)更(geng)自(zi)覺(jiao)地(di)與(yu)社(she)會(hui)民(min)生(sheng)需(xu)求(qiu)相(xiang)契(qi)合(he),更(geng)好(hao)地(di)賦(fu)能(neng)千(qian)行(xing)百(bai)業(ye),才(cai)能(neng)獲(huo)得(de)更(geng)大(da)的(de)飛(fei)躍(yue)與(yu)進(jin)步(bu)。