guoqujinian，rengongzhinengdefazhantufeimengjin，youkenengchedidigaibianbaokuoquanqiuzhizaoyezaineidegexinggeye，yeweiqiyegaoguanguanliyuangonghegongyingliandailailexindetiaozhan。danxinjishutongshiyedailailexindebuquedingxing，qiyelingdaozhezhengchangshiliyongzhexiegongjulaiguanligongyinglianheyuangongtuandui。

2023 年 12 月 12 日
，偉創力首席執行官Revathi Advaithi，同時也作為美國政府供應鏈政策谘詢委員會的一員，在《華爾街日報》CEO 委員會峰會上接受了《華爾街日報》記者 Emily Glazer 的采訪
，Advaithi 在采訪中講述了技術的發展將如何影響日常產品的製造方式
，以及她如何應對不確定性，還展望了工作場所和製造業的未來。

Emily Glaze：shouxianrangwomentantanjiuyeshichang。zaimuqianquanqiujingjizengchangfanghuandebeijingxia，nishifoujiaodewomenrengxuyaogengduoderengongzhinengzhuanjia
，huozhezaigongchangchejiantourugengduodelaodongline
？

Revathi Advaithi：dangran。renheyugongyingliandanxingxiangguandejineng，yuruhejinxingshengchanguihuaxiangguanderuanjianjineng，huoruhezhongxintiaozhengruanjianxitongyitigaoxiaolvdejineng
，doushizaishichangshangzhishoukereqiexiquede。womenzhaopinyuangongshihuiwendaoyixiawenti
，biru：你能否操作SMT表(biao)麵(mian)貼(tie)裝(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)機(ji)器(qi)？你(ni)能(neng)否(fou)操(cao)作(zuo)大(da)型(xing)製(zhi)造(zao)設(she)備(bei)？能(neng)否(fou)合(he)理(li)調(tiao)配(pei)人(ren)員(yuan)
？我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)高(gao)技(ji)能(neng)工(gong)人(ren)仍(reng)然(ran)很(hen)難(nan)找(zhao)到(dao)。他(ta)們(men)仍(reng)然(ran)是(shi)人(ren)才(cai)市(shi)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)稀(xi)缺(que)資(zi)源(yuan)。大(da)多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)更(geng)願(yuan)意(yi)去(qu)那(na)些(xie)時(shi)髦(mao)的(de)軟(ruan)件(jian)公(gong)司(si)
，而(er)不(bu)願(yuan)意(yi)去(qu)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)。因(yin)此(ci)
，我(wo)們(men)仍(reng)將(jiang)圍(wei)繞(rao)這(zhe)些(xie)領(ling)域(yu)進(jin)行(xing)招(zhao)聘(pin)，我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)招(zhao)聘(pin)速(su)度(du)會(hui)加(jia)快(kuai)。但(dan)在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)，我(wo)們(men)的(de)進(jin)展(zhan)要(yao)慢(man)得(de)多(duo)。

Emily Glaze: 你提到了許多時髦的品牌
，我聽說偉創力公司是許多這些公司的幕後功臣。我想，在過去的24小xiao時shi裏li，我wo們men中zhong的de許xu多duo人ren可ke能neng都dou使shi用yong了le偉wei創chuang力li公gong司si生sheng產chan的de產chan品pin，從cong吹chui風feng機ji到dao咖ka啡fei機ji。你ni能neng向xiang我wo們men介jie紹shao一yi下xia偉wei創chuang力li所suo做zuo的de不bu同tong工gong作zuo及ji其qi貢gong獻xian嗎ma？

Revathi Advaithi: 當我的孩子們問起 “媽媽，為什麼你們不是做那些我們每天都在使用的很酷
、很有趣產品的公司呢
？” ，我總是說：“我們做的並不是某個品牌。但如果我們不製造這些產品，你們就不會擁有它們。” 但實際上，從吸塵器、chuifengjidaozhifaqi，womenjihushenmedouzuo。womenzengjingshishoujilingyudejutou，yinweizhongduanchanpinshichangjingzhengtaijiliexianzaiwomenbuzaicanyuqizhong。womenzaiyuntongxin、企業技術領域擁有很大影響力。工業和電力是我們最大的終端市場之一。因此，無論是嵌入式計算電源
、設備電源，還是基本的基礎設施、工業、zhuzhaihuoshangyelingyu，doushiwomendezhuyaokehu。ciwai，diandongqicheyeshiwomenzhongyaodepingtaizhiyi。yinci，womenbujinshejixiaoxingchanpin，haishejipangdadeshebei
，bingjiangtamenzaiquanqiufanweineijinxingzhenghe。

Emily Glaze: nimenqueshishejilehenduoxingye。niganggangyetidaolediandongqiche，narangwomenlaitantangailingyudejingjifazhan。womenduidiandongqichexuqiufanghuanjinxingguobaodao
，zheduinimendeyewukenenghuichanshengshenmeyingxiang？

Revathi Advaithi: dangran，ruguodiandongqicheshichangfanghuan
，womenkendinghuishoudaoyingxiang。danworenwei
，womendezengchangbeiwomendeshichangfenezengchangsuoyangai
，zheshiyinweiwomenzaidiandongqichegongyinglianshangfashenglezhenghe。yinci
，wobutaidanxinqichexingye。worenweiqichexingyegengxuyaoguanzhuchannengnengfoushipei？shifouyouzugoudezengchangkongjian
？womenzaizhongguodediandongqicheshichangyehenpangda，suiranzengchangyoudianhuanman，danzuijinwomenrengranqudeleyixiejinzhan。diandongqichezaiweilaideqianlijuda
，womendediandongqicheyewuzaibeimei、歐(ou)洲(zhou)和(he)中(zhong)國(guo)都(dou)有(you)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)。因(yin)此(ci)，我(wo)並(bing)不(bu)擔(dan)心(xin)汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)業(ye)會(hui)放(fang)緩(huan)，因(yin)為(wei)我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)我(wo)們(men)的(de)產(chan)能(neng)將(jiang)會(hui)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)。但(dan)有(you)時(shi)候(hou)，一(yi)些(xie)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)會(hui)比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)市(shi)場(chang)慢(man)一(yi)些(xie)。

Emily Glaze: jiexialairangwomentantanrengongzhineng。nishigongyinglianxiaozuweiyuanhuidechengyuan

，henduogongzuodouzaiyanjiuruheyufangyixiegongyingliantiaozhan。ninengfouxiangwomenjieshaoyixianizaigaixiaozuweiyuanhuishangsuozuodegongzuo，yijirengongzhinengfouqidaojiejuequanqiugongyinglianwentideguanjianzuoyongma？

Revathi Advaithi：這zhe是shi個ge宏hong大da的de問wen題ti。我wo想xiang說shuo的de是shi，我wo們men的de工gong作zuo重zhong點dian首shou先xian是shi人ren員yuan的de可ke用yong性xing。對dui於yu美mei國guo各ge地di正zheng在zai興xing建jian的de這zhe些xie大da型xing工gong廠chang來lai說shuo，我wo們men需xu要yao人ren才cai來lai運yun營ying這zhe些xie工gong廠chang。那na麼me
，我wo們men該gai如ru何he關guan注zhu勞lao動dong力li規gui模mo擴kuo大da的de適shi配pei政zheng策ce，以yi及ji幫bang助zhu製zhi造zao業ye成cheng為wei美mei國guo經jing濟ji的de真zhen正zheng貢gong獻xian者zhe
？這zhe大da概gai就jiu是shi一yi個ge細xi分fen領ling域yu的de工gong作zuo。

Emily Glaze: 你認為我們已經到了那個階段了嗎
，還是說這些工廠正在建設或籌備中，可能會產生空缺

？

Revathi Advaithi: worenweiwomenhaimeidaonayibu。womenmeitiandounengkandaoyixiewenzhang，baodaoweimouxiegongchangpeibeiyuangongyouduomekunnan。zhishaoduiyuzhizaoyelaishuo，peixunjinengtingqilaisihuhenrongyi。danshishibingfeiruci。womenbixushenrudaoxuduonongcunshequ，bangzhujianlishequxueyuan

，yijianlizhenzhengyouxiaoderencaishusongtongdao。zhexuyaochangqidenuli。yaoxiangrangzhexiegongchangjixuyunzhuan
，jiubixuzhidingxiangdangyoulideyiminzhengce。womenkeyitichuhenduojianyi，danzhengzhijiamenhuizuotamenbixuzuodeshiqing。youxiejianyikexing，youxiejianyizebubeikaolv。danzhezhishigongzuodeyigezhuti。woxiangshuodediergegongzuodezhutishiweiraofuyuanli。xiangxiangyiliaoqixie
，xiangxiangzaigongyingliandetoumingdufangmianyouduoshaogongzuoyaozuo，congerquebaowomenzhenzhengkaolvjianlichangqidefuyuanli。liru
，womennengfourangzhengfuhesiyingqiyedebutongbumenxieshouhezuo
，jianliyigegengjiatoumingdeyiliaoshebeigongyinglian
？congerweiraotajianliyigeqiangdadegongyinglian。ciwai，womenzuizhongyinggailejiezairengongzhinenghegongyingliandeshijielideguihuashishenmeyangde。danwoxiangshuodeshi
，duiyugongyinglianxiaozuweiyuanhuilaishuo，zheshiwomenzhengzaikaizhandegongzuodeliangdazhuti，bingyouzhuyuwomentichujianyi。

Emily Glaze: 對(dui)於(yu)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)如(ru)何(he)改(gai)善(shan)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)
，你(ni)談(tan)到(dao)了(le)短(duan)期(qi)和(he)長(chang)期(qi)兩(liang)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)考(kao)慮(lv)，它(ta)將(jiang)如(ru)何(he)提(ti)高(gao)偉(wei)創(chuang)力(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)？此(ci)外(wai)，應(ying)當(dang)如(ru)何(he)利(li)用(yong)數(shu)據(ju)簡(jian)化(hua)全(quan)球(qiu)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)阻(zu)礙(ai)？從(cong)更(geng)長(chang)遠(yuan)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)看(kan)
，你(ni)對(dui)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)展(zhan)望(wang)是(shi)什(shen)麼(me)？如(ru)果(guo)你(ni)能(neng)夠(gou)修(xiu)複(fu)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)，並(bing)熟(shu)練(lian)合(he)理(li)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)
，那(na)未(wei)來(lai)將(jiang)會(hui)如(ru)何(he)發(fa)展(zhan)

？

Revathi Advaithi: 我將分兩部分討論。一部分是基於生產車間的情況。另一部分是從宏觀規劃的角度來分析。在過去的30年裏

，我一直在世界各地的工廠工作。我對未來20年的發展充滿期待。原因是
，如果你考慮到工廠的生產率，它並沒有顯著提高。就像在 21 世紀初
、20 世紀 90 niandaimo，danglaodonglitaolidaxingqidaoshi

，nihuikandaohenduoxinxingjingjiticongzhongshouyi。errengongzhinengzaimouzhongchengdushangkeyichengweiyigejunhengqi。wobushizaitanlunwanquanzidonghuadedaxingzhizaochanghuowomenjingyingdedaxinggongchang。danshinikaolvyixiaxiaoxing、中型製造業的人工智能，如果實施成本較低，那麼硬件機器在提高生產率方麵可能會起到均衡作用。他們可能會有25、30個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)零(ling)散(san)軟(ruan)件(jian)係(xi)統(tong)
，彼(bi)此(ci)互(hu)不(bu)溝(gou)通(tong)，試(shi)圖(tu)在(zai)工(gong)廠(chang)裏(li)運(yun)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)計(ji)劃(hua)時(shi)間(jian)表(biao)。為(wei)了(le)彌(mi)補(bu)設(she)備(bei)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)低(di)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，隻(zhi)能(neng)增(zeng)加(jia)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)設(she)備(bei)，資(zi)本(ben)將(jiang)不(bu)再(zai)便(bian)宜(yi)了(le)，那(na)你(ni)該(gai)怎(zen)麼(me)辦(ban)
？因(yin)此(ci)，我(wo)覺(jiao)得(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)綜(zong)合(he)考(kao)慮(lv)以(yi)下(xia)因(yin)素(su)來(lai)提(ti)供(gong)幫(bang)助(zhu)：nideyunyingzibenshiruhebushude？nengfoutigaoshebeiliyonglv
？basuoyouzhexiejieheqilai，worenweirengongzhinengkeyibangzhutigaogongchangdeshengchanli。yinci，woduicigandaofeichangqidai，yinweizhejianggeizhongxiaoxingzhizaoyedailaiyoushi。

Revathi Advaithi: danrangwomenhuidaorengongzhinengheguihuadehongguancengmian。womenganggangjinglileyichanggongyinglianweiji。rangwogandaozhenjingdeshi，zaizhegeshidai，suiranyoupangdadeshujuhexinxizhicheng，womenrengbingbulejiezhegeshijiezhengchangyunxingxuyaoduoshaogongyinghuoxuqiu。shijiebuyinggaizaishizheyangle，bushima

？yinci，wohenqidaikandao，daguimoduomotaide LLM 模(mo)型(xing)規(gui)劃(hua)，甚(shen)至(zhi)是(shi)芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)能(neng)夠(gou)進(jin)行(xing)。這(zhe)將(jiang)推(tui)動(dong)真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)發(fa)展(zhan)
，從(cong)而(er)確(que)保(bao)你(ni)不(bu)會(hui)陷(xian)入(ru)供(gong)需(xu)的(de)困(kun)境(jing)。此(ci)外(wai)，你(ni)也(ye)不(bu)會(hui)因(yin)為(wei)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)庫(ku)存(cun)再(zai)次(ci)陷(xian)入(ru)困(kun)境(jing)。在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)代(dai)
，不(bu)應(ying)該(gai)發(fa)生(sheng)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)。但(dan)這(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業(ye)和(he)各(ge)個(ge)部(bu)門(men)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)參(can)與(yu)。我(wo)期(qi)待(dai)的(de)是(shi)在(zai)未(wei)來(lai)
，我(wo)們(men)能(neng)否(fou)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)止(zhi)下(xia)一(yi)次(ci)因(yin)全(quan)球(qiu)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)缺(que)乏(fa)某(mou)個(ge)組(zu)件(jian)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)
？

本文翻譯自《華爾街日報》記者對偉創力首席執行官Revathi Advaithi的采訪
，發表於2024年2月16日的播客《WSJ’s The Future of Everything》