zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan
，shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia，geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou，yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan，huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi，zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju，baituojinrongweijideshufu，baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009年(nian)中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)議(yi)特(te)別(bie)指(zhi)出(chu)要(yao)從(cong)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)入(ru)手(shou)，因(yin)勢(shi)利(li)導(dao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)地(di)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，亦(yi)是(shi)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)引(yin)致(zhi)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)國(guo)際(ji)分(fen)工(gong)重(zhong)組(zu)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)契(qi)機(ji)，吸(xi)引(yin)科(ke)技(ji)含(han)量(liang)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)附(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，推(tui)動(dong)我(wo)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)化(hua)與(yu)升(sheng)級(ji)。引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)

　　guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui
，cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou，yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan，zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看
，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展
，資本、技(ji)術(shu)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)全(quan)球(qiu)流(liu)動(dong)與(yu)組(zu)合(he)配(pei)置(zhi)
，催(cui)促(cu)著(zhe)一(yi)國(guo)或(huo)地(di)區(qu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)向(xiang)具(ju)有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)地(di)區(qu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，但(dan)是(shi)，由(you)於(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)比(bi)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)量(liang)，使(shi)得(de)它(ta)們(men)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)分(fen)工(gong)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)利(li)益(yi)分(fen)配(pei)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)。他(ta)們(men)將(jiang)資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)、技ji術shu含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi低di的de產chan業ye向xiang發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia和he不bu發fa達da國guo家jia轉zhuan移yi
，以yi騰teng出chu地di域yu空kong間jian發fa展zhan科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie，以yi維wei持chi自zi身shen在zai產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de優you勢shi地di位wei。然ran而er
，由you於yu處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he先xian進jin產chan業ye多duo是shi資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye，國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa使shi得de金jin融rong資zi本ben斷duan裂lie
，導dao致zhi非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye缺que乏fa金jin融rong資zi本ben的de支zhi撐cheng，因yin而er
，金jin融rong危wei機ji強qiang烈lie地di衝chong擊ji了le發fa達da國guo家jia內nei部bu不bu合he理li的de剛gang性xing產chan業ye結jie構gou，必bi然ran促cu使shi它ta們men重zhong新xin協xie調tiao非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye與yu實shi物wu生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye的de相xiang對dui比bi重zhong，將jiang一yi部bu分fen處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye向xiang海hai外wai轉zhuan移yi

，由you此ci可ke能neng形xing成cheng國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de新xin浪lang潮chao。

　　另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)主(zhu)觀(guan)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)。改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)三(san)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)經(jing)驗(yan)表(biao)明(ming)
，中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)轉(zhuan)型(xing)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)促(cu)進(jin)了(le)經(jing)濟(ji)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)優(you)化(hua)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)
，產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)“經濟增長奇跡”

，極ji大da地di縮suo小xiao了le與yu發fa達da國guo家jia的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan差cha距ju。即ji使shi國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan全quan球qiu，致zhi使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo經jing濟ji下xia滑hua
，中zhong國guo雖sui然ran也ye無wu一yi例li外wai地di不bu能neng幸xing免mian，然ran而er
，正zheng當dang世shi界jie各ge國guo致zhi力li於yu尋xun找zhao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de應ying對dui之zhi策ce時shi，中zhong國guo憑ping借jie對dui外wai開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian所suo積ji累lei的de物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he及ji時shi有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai
，率lv先xian走zou出chu了le金jin融rong危wei機ji的de陰yin霾mai，使shi得de發fa達da國guo家jia的de跨kua國guo公gong司si在zai麵mian臨lin本ben土tu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying環huan境jing惡e化hua時shi，重zhong新xin審shen視shi中zhong國guo的de生sheng產chan成cheng本ben和he交jiao易yi成cheng本ben優you勢shi所suo帶dai來lai的de生sheng產chan和he經jing營ying環huan境jing的de改gai善shan。此ci時shi，中zhong國guo有you可ke能neng依yi靠kao製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing所suo累lei積ji的de經jing驗yan，進jin一yi步bu調tiao整zheng政zheng策ce和he創chuang新xin製zhi度du，創chuang造zao產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de新xin環huan境jing


，主zhu動dong引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi，並bing在zai本ben國guo培pei育yu完wan整zheng的de產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian，優you化hua產chan業ye的de空kong間jian布bu局ju
，推tui動dong產chan業ye結jie構gou升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin

　　中zhong國guo作zuo為wei正zheng處chu於yu工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng中zhong的de世shi界jie上shang最zui大da的de發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia，要yao巧qiao借jie金jin融rong危wei機ji的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu，加jia快kuai現xian代dai工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng，實shi現xian大da國guo的de經jing濟ji趕gan超chao，必bi然ran需xu要yao通tong過guo製zhi度du創chuang新xin引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi來lai實shi現xian。為wei此ci，我wo們men有you針zhen對dui性xing地di提ti出chu引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi的de政zheng策ce調tiao整zheng和he製zhi度du創chuang新xin：

　　diyi，tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu，pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi，duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai，bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu，xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian，youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu
、jishushuipinghejingjifazhanshuipingcunzaichayi，guojiazaizhidingtouzizhengceshi
，yingkaolvgeiyugediquyidingdezizhuxing，caiquguojiazhidingtouzizhengcezhidaoyuanze
，gediquyijuciyuanzejiehezishendejingjifazhanshuiping，chayihuadizhidingguli、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian，地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang，並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui，且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze

，同tong時shi，還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan，及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li
、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息

，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　dier，tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi，zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping，yinci
，shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv，yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing
，caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian，yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao，xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此
，應逐步采取以加速折舊、kuisunmibudengjianjieshuishouyouhuifangshiweizhu，cujinzibenhejishumijixingchanyetouzi。lingyifangmian
，zhengfuyingyijudiyutezhenghechanyetexingzhidingxihuadeshuishouyouhuizhengce
，bingzaidiquzhijian
、xingyezhijianheshengchanhuanjiezhijiantixianshuishouzhengceyouhuidexiangduiyouxiaoxing。duiyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyehuoshengchanhuanjie，kefuyuxiangduiyuqitachanyehuoshengchanhuanjiegengweiyouhoudeshuishouyouhui，tongshi
，weileguliluohoudiquxiyinchanyezhuanyi
，keshidanghuodexiangduiyujingjifadadiqueryangengweiyouhoudeshuishouzhengce，yitigaoshuishouyouhuizhengcezaijingjiluohoudiqudexiangduiyouxiaoxing。

　　第三
，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立
、變(bian)更(geng)與(yu)退(tui)出(chu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)授(shou)權(quan)與(yu)彙(hui)報(bao)程(cheng)序(xu)。首(shou)先(xian)
，可(ke)以(yi)嚐(chang)試(shi)由(you)中(zhong)央(yang)部(bu)委(wei)出(chu)台(tai)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)審(shen)批(pi)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，並(bing)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)劃(hua)單(dan)位(wei)設(she)立(li)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)且(qie)給(gei)予(yu)他(ta)們(men)與(yu)地(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)，且(qie)以(yi)法(fa)律(lv)形(xing)式(shi)加(jia)以(yi)固(gu)定(ding)。在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)對(dui)外(wai)商(shang)設(she)立(li)企(qi)業(ye)規(gui)定(ding)審(shen)批(pi)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，為(wei)了(le)鼓(gu)勵(li)直(zhi)轄(xia)市(shi)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，中(zhong)央(yang)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)給(gei)予(yu)地(di)區(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)於(yu)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)。其(qi)次(ci)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)申(shen)請(qing)設(she)立(li)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)審(shen)批(pi)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)審(shen)批(pi)效(xiao)率(lv)。審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)資(zi)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)手(shou)續(xu)，實(shi)行(xing)“一站式”服務，且在經營期內，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少
、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押、轉讓，以及政府商務
、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi)，應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu)


，減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci)
，改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”辦ban法fa，對dui於yu外wai商shang在zai本ben國guo投tou資zi現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye，采cai用yong類lei似si於yu內nei資zi企qi業ye的de終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de辦ban法fa
，可ke先xian由you企qi業ye聘pin用yong清qing算suan機ji構gou出chu具ju具ju有you法fa律lv效xiao應ying的de清qing算suan報bao告gao，再zai報bao審shen批pi機ji關guan審shen核he
，實shi現xian內nei外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai審shen批pi手shou續xu上shang等deng同tong對dui待dai。

　　第di四si，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi
，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin
，一yi方fang麵mian
，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu
，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;lingyifangmian
，yingzengqiangzhishichanquandezhifalidu，jiadaduiqinfanzhishichanquandechengfalidu

，tigaozhishichanquanqinquandechengben。duiyurenlizibenchanquanbaohu，shouxianyingshishidixiudingyuwanshan《勞動法》

、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律

，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；qici
，tongguojiadaxiangguanfalvfaguidezhixingliduhetuokuanfugaimian，quebaorenlizibenjiaoyishuangfangzaipingdenghulideqiantixia，wanshanrenlizibenchanquandejiaoyichengxu，jianshaorenlizibenjiaoyidebuquedingxing;zaici，dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu，kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao
，tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping，jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben
，fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi，baozhangrenlizibenchanquan，fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為

，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學、湖南大學）