http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-24 11:38:33 來源:中國經濟時報 張一鳴
yiqinghuojiangjiasuzhongguozhonghuagongyezhenghedejincheng,duanqineiyixiekangfengxiannenglijiaoruodeqiyehuojiangshoudaochongji,houqisuizheshangyouxuqiudehuifu,xingyejiangweichizhiqiandefazhantaishi,jidaitisuzhuanxingshengjijincheng。
國家統計局3月16日發布的數據顯示,1—2月份,規模以上工業增加值同比實際下降13.5%,2月份,規模以上工業增加值比上月下降26.63%。其中1—2月份,采礦業增加值同比下降6.5%,製造業下降15.7%,電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產和供應業下降7.1%。
重化工業是工業的重要組成部分,中國經濟時報記者從多家市場分析機構獲悉,鋼鐵、煤炭、石化、水泥等重化工業2月以來,幾乎所有的行業與去年同期相比,產量和收入都大幅下降。
guowuyuanfazhanyanjiuzhongxinchanyejingjiyanjiubufubuchangxuzhaoyuanzaijieshouzhongguojingjishibaojizhecaifangshibiaoshi,yiqingdaozhihenduochanpinxuqiudafujiangdi,duanqiduizhonghuagongxingyechanshenglehendachongji,dansuizhegedikaifugongjinchengzhengzaijiakuai,gonggeibupinghengdexianxianghuizhubuhaozhuan。
shiyoushihuaxingyeshoudaodechongjizuiweimingxian,yiqingbujinyingxiangdaoshichanggongxu,haiyinqishateheeluosiliangdachanyouguoduiyiqingyingxiangchanshengfenqi,shatedaguimozengchandaozhiguojiyuanyoujiagedafuxiadie,maoyishangheyuanyoujiagongqiyemianlinchongji。zhongguoshiyouhehuaxuegongyelianhehuifuhuichangfuxiangshengfenxishuo,yijiduchengpinyoujihuagongchanpindechanxiaodoujiangchuxianjiaoweimingxiandexiajiang。danyiqingguohou,xiayouxiaofeihuichuxianmingxianfandan。yujierjiduhoushichanghuiyinglaixinyilundefanrong,jiagedeshangshengjianghuitishengxingyelirun。
過去幾年裏,中國新建了一批石油石化裝置,一些之前需要大量從國外進口的石化產品,產能迅速放大,包括煉油、芳烴、聚酯,甚至烯烴、有機矽、聚碳酸酯等過去短缺的化學品的產能過剩。受此影響,2019年石化全行業營業收入小幅增長,利潤卻降幅超過一成,其中煉油業務下降幅度最大,超過四成。
買化塑COO陸(lu)寧(ning)在(zai)接(jie)受(shou)本(ben)報(bao)記(ji)者(zhe)采(cai)訪(fang)時(shi)坦(tan)言(yan),由(you)於(yu)下(xia)遊(you)需(xu)求(qiu)低(di)迷(mi),石(shi)化(hua)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格(ge)下(xia)滑(hua)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)還(hai)將(jiang)持(chi)續(xu),而(er)疫(yi)情(qing)影(ying)響(xiang)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu),未(wei)來(lai)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)度(du)會(hui)不(bu)斷(duan)攀(pan)升(sheng),出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)細(xi)分(fen)石(shi)化(hua)產(chan)品(pin)板(ban)塊(kuai)的(de)壟(long)斷(duan)企(qi)業(ye)。
“xianzaikuodachannenghechanliangdeqiyedabufenshiguoyoudaxingqiyeheshangshiminyingqiye,jiagedexiatan,huishidezhexieqiyenenggouyijiahuanshi,jinyibujiasuzhongxiaoqiyedetuichu,zengjiadaqiyedeshichangzhanyoulv,huodechanpindingjiaquan。yejiushishuo,shihuaxingyezhengchuzaichanyejiegoutiaozhenghegonggeicejiegouxinggaigebuduantuijindejieduan。”他說。
鋼鐵和煤炭是重化工業中率先啟動去產能的行業,2016-2018年,我國累計壓減粗鋼產能1.5億噸以上,退出煤炭落後產能8.1億噸,淘汰關停落後煤電機組2000萬千瓦以上,均提前兩年完成“十三五”去產能目標任務。但2019年鋼鐵和煤炭行業均麵臨產量增加、營業額增長、利潤下降的問題。與此同時,水泥、玻(bo)璃(li)等(deng)建(jian)材(cai)產(chan)品(pin),電(dian)解(jie)鋁(lv)等(deng)有(you)色(se)產(chan)品(pin)也(ye)在(zai)陸(lu)續(xu)推(tui)進(jin)去(qu)產(chan)能(neng)工(gong)作(zuo),但(dan)與(yu)之(zhi)前(qian)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)和(he)煤(mei)炭(tan)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)化(hua)去(qu)產(chan)能(neng)不(bu)同(tong),更(geng)多(duo)以(yi)環(huan)保(bao)手(shou)段(duan)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)機(ji)製(zhi)等(deng),引(yin)導(dao)行(xing)業(ye)自(zi)發(fa)“出清”。
許xu召zhao元yuan說shuo,重zhong化hua工gong業ye目mu前qian仍reng處chu於yu轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji的de過guo程cheng中zhong,疫yi情qing對dui不bu少shao企qi業ye是shi一yi個ge大da的de衝chong擊ji,對dui行xing業ye轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji也ye是shi一yi個ge外wai部bu推tui力li。每mei一yi次ci大da的de衝chong擊ji,都dou有you一yi些xie企qi業ye化hua危wei為wei機ji,擴kuo大da自zi身shen優you勢shi,包bao括kuo建jian立li更geng柔rou性xing的de新xin技ji術shu、更智能的營銷倉儲運係統、更強大的企業合作聯合等,危機給了優秀企業脫穎而出的機會,並將引領行業的升級步伐。
xuzhaoyuanqiangtiao,zhonghuagongxingyedezhuanxingshengjibaokuoduogeweidu,qizhongzuizhongyaodeyoulianggefangmian,yishichanpinzhiliangshengji,jiqiyebuduancaiyongxinjishu,buduanchuangxin,tishengchanpindepinzhi、附加值和競爭力,用更好的產品適應升級的市場需求。二是從市場結構看,逐步形成和產品特性相匹配的行業市場結構。我國規模大、人口多、區域廣闊,很多產業都在發展初期存在企業數量過多、低水平同質化競爭的現象。
“dangqian,zhonghuagongyegengjiaxuyaoxingchengyizhongshichangjizhongdujiaogaodexingyejiegou,biruduigangtiezheleichanpintongzhihuaershengchanlianxuxinghenqiangdexingye,shichangxuqiubodongyouda,zhiyaoyouyigejiaogaodeshichangjizhongdu,shichanglongtouqiyezhanyouhendadefene,zhexielongtouqiyecaikeyijinxingneibuxietiaojianchanhuozengchan,shixianshichanggongxupingheng,fensandeshichangjiegouhenrongyixianrutongzhihuajiagejingzhengdezhuangkuang,shenzhigongdayuqiu,jiagexiajiang,qiyeshourujianshao,xiwangzengchanzengshou,danshijishang,zaijiagegengdideexingxunhuanzhong,buliyuxingyewendingfazhan。yinci,dangqianshichangyijingchuxianleyixiegangtiejituandejianbingzhongzu,birubaowuhebing、寶武吸收馬鋼,河北敬業收購英國鋼鐵等並購案例,這體現了重化工業轉型升級的一個重要方向。”他說。