The Application of Delta Inverter of VFD-B series for Spray-painting Synchronizition Transmission Equipment 中達電通上海機電業務處 李 強 Li Jiang 摘 要: 同步傳送在自動噴塗設備工作過程中有其特別的重要性。本文討論了台達VFD-B係列變頻器的速度死循環控製在自動噴塗同步傳送設備上的應用.VFD-B係列變頻器是向量控製全數字交流馬達驅動器，具有典型的死循環控製特性,全數字菜單參數設定.文章通過噴塗生產線電氣控製係統的實現說明了VFD-B係列變頻器的優越性能及快速動態響應特性. 關鍵詞: 變頻器 PG04卡 編碼器 Abstract: The synchronizition transmission has special importance in the equipment working process of automatical spray-painting. This paper discussed the application of speed dead circulation control in Delta inverter of VFD-B series for synchronizition transmission equipment of automatical spray-painting. The Delta inverter of VFD-B series is an AC motor driver that applies vector and whole digital contol mode, and has a typical control characteristic of speed dead circulation, and the setting of menu and parameter uses whole digital mode. The paper explained that it has excellent performance and fast dynamic response characteristic through realization of electric control system in pray-painting Key Words: Inverter PG04 card Encoder [中圖分類號] TP273 [文獻標識碼] B 文章編號 1 引 言 一(yi)般(ban)設(she)備(bei)或(huo)部(bu)件(jian)在(zai)出(chu)廠(chang)前(qian)都(dou)要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)噴(pen)塗(tu)處(chu)理(li)，自(zi)動(dong)噴(pen)塗(tu)設(she)備(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)條(tiao)將(jiang)待(dai)噴(pen)塗(tu)物(wu)送(song)入(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)烘(hong)箱(xiang)中(zhong)，經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)烘(hong)烤(kao)過(guo)程(cheng)使(shi)塗(tu)料(liao)附(fu)著(zhe)在(zai)待(dai)噴(pen)塗(tu)物(wu)上(shang)，然(ran)後(hou)由(you)傳(chuan)動(dong)鏈(lian)條(tiao)送(song)出(chu)，經(jing)工(gong)人(ren)從(cong)鏈(lian)條(tiao)上(shang)取(qu)下(xia)檢(jian)查(zha)，其(qi)合(he)格(ge)品(pin)送(song)入(ru)倉(cang)庫(ku)。對(dui)其(qi)電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)要(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)能(neng)根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)噴(pen)塗(tu)物(wu)調(tiao)節(jie)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)條(tiao)速(su)度(du)，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)證(zheng)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)高(gao)溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)，顯(xian)然(ran)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)條(tiao)速(su)度(du)慢(man)高(gao)溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)，速(su)度(du)快(kuai)高(gao)溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)，從(cong)理(li)論(lun)上(shang)看(kan)實(shi)現(xian)起(qi)來(lai)似(si)乎(hu)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)。但(dan)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)條(tiao)較(jiao)長(chang)，使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)台(tai)電(dian)機(ji)拖(tuo)動(dong)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)條(tiao)非(fei)常(chang)困(kun)難(nan)，在(zai)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)兩(liang)台(tai)電(dian)機(ji)，其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)台(tai)確(que)定(ding)為(wei)主(zhu)傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，而(er)另(ling)一(yi)台(tai)為(wei)從(cong)傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)。問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)這(zhe)兩(liang)台(tai)電(dian)機(ji)同(tong)步(bu)運(yun)行(xing)？如(ru)果(guo)兩(liang)台(tai)電(dian)機(ji)不(bu)同(tong)步(bu)， 將jiang導dao致zhi輸shu送song鏈lian條tiao出chu現xian堆dui積ji或huo斷duan裂lie現xian象xiang，致zhi使shi生sheng產chan無wu法fa進jin行xing，因yin此ci同tong步bu控kong製zhi問wen題ti的de解jie決jue在zai鏈lian條tiao皮pi帶dai傳chuan動dong中zhong是shi一yi個ge關guan鍵jian性xing的de問wen題ti，采cai用yong高gao性xing能neng通tong用yong變bian頻pin器qi的de控kong製zhi策ce略lve就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian主zhu、從電機運行的同步。 2 高性能通用變頻器的控製策略 由於電機運行是受變頻器驅動的，如果兩台變頻器的輸入/輸出可以調整就有可能實現主、從cong電dian機ji運yun行xing的de同tong步bu，因yin此ci有you必bi要yao對dui變bian頻pin器qi的de性xing能neng略lve作zuo討tao論lun。采cai用yong一yi般ban的de通tong用yong變bian頻pin器qi給gei異yi步bu電dian動dong機ji供gong電dian時shi，可ke以yi實shi現xian無wu級ji平ping滑hua調tiao速su，起qi動dong和he停ting車che都dou很hen方fang便bian，但dan是shi，調tiao速su時shi有you靜jing差cha，精jing度du不bu高gao，調tiao速su範fan圍wei不bu過guo1:10左zuo右you，而er且qie也ye不bu能neng像xiang直zhi流liu調tiao速su係xi統tong那na樣yang提ti供gong很hen高gao的de動dong態tai性xing能neng。要yao實shi現xian高gao動dong態tai性xing能neng，必bi須xu研yan究jiu實shi現xian高gao性xing能neng的de控kong製zhi策ce略lve，這zhe裏li有you兩liang種zhong控kong製zhi策ce略lve，即ji矢shi量liang控kong製zhi和he直zhi接jie轉zhuan矩ju控kong製zhi，各ge有you特te色se。矢shi量liang控kong製zhi係xi統tong的de特te點dian是shi:采用由轉子磁鏈決定d-軸方向的dqtongbuxuanzhuanzuobiaoxi，bayibudianjidedingzidianliufenjieweiqilicifenlianghezhuanjufenliang，dedaoleisiyuzhiliudianjidezhuanjumoxing，zaicaiqucuoshibafeixianxingxitongbianhuanchenglianggedulidezhuansuhezhuanziciliandezixitong，congermofangzhiliudianjifenbieyongPItiaojieqijinxingkongzhi。zhijiezhuanjukongzhixitongshequbijiaofuzadexuanzhuanzuobiaobianhuan，jinzailiangxiangjingzhizuobiaoxishanggouchengzhuanjuhedingziciliandefankuixinhao，bingyongshuangweishipeng-砰控製代替線性調節器來控製轉矩和定子磁鏈，根據二者的變化，選擇電壓空間矢量的PWM(SVPWM)開(kai)關(guan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以(yi)控(kong)製(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)。值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi)，無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)，還(hai)是(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)控(kong)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)，都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)轉(zhuan)速(su)閉(bi)環(huan)控(kong)製(zhi)，所(suo)需(xu)的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)來(lai)自(zi)於(yu)電(dian)機(ji)同(tong)軸(zhou)的(de)速(su)度(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)，對(dui)於(yu)高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)係(xi)統(tong)一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)用(yong)光(guang)電(dian)碼(ma)盤(pan)，其(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)、安裝、可ke靠kao性xing都dou有you問wen題ti，如ru果guo能neng取qu消xiao光guang電dian碼ma盤pan而er保bao持chi良liang好hao的de控kong製zhi性xing能neng，顯xian然ran會hui大da受shou歡huan迎ying，這zhe就jiu是shi無wu速su度du傳chuan感gan器qi的de高gao性xing能neng調tiao速su係xi統tong。作zuo為wei高gao性xing能neng的de通tong用yong變bian頻pin器qi都dou希xi望wang采cai用yong無wu速su度du傳chuan感gan器qi控kong製zhi。 3 主從變頻器同步控製功能實現 主zhu變bian頻pin器qi的de給gei定ding輸shu入ru是shi位wei移yi傳chuan感gan器qi和he從cong變bian頻pin器qi的de模mo擬ni輸shu出chu的de迭die加jia，從cong變bian頻pin器qi由you外wai接jie電dian位wei器qi給gei定ding。係xi統tong啟qi動dong時shi主zhu變bian頻pin器qi的de輸shu出chu頻pin率lv高gao於yu從cong變bian頻pin器qi的de輸shu出chu頻pin率lv，也ye就jiu是shi說shuo主zhu電dian機ji速su度du高gao於yu從cong電dian機ji的de速su度du，因yin此ci鏈lian條tiao處chu於yu拉la伸shen狀zhuang態tai，位wei移yi傳chuan感gan器qi根gen據ju拉la伸shen程cheng度du相xiang應ying地di給gei出chu的de信xin號hao逐zhu漸jian減jian小xiao，主zhu變bian頻pin器qi降jiang速su，直zhi至zhi最zui終zhong和he從cong變bian頻pin器qi處chu於yu同tong速su狀zhuang態tai。但dan是shi由you於yu電dian機ji和he鏈lian條tiao之zhi間jian是shi皮pi帶dai傳chuan動dong，所suo以yi從cong電dian機ji會hui有you丟diu轉zhuan現xian象xiang從cong而er造zao成cheng實shi際ji應ying用yong的de主zhu從cong不bu同tong步bu，鏈lian條tiao有you被bei拉la伸shen的de噪zao音yin，改gai進jin的de方fang法fa是shi加jia上shangPG速度閉環精確速度控製轉速死循環後，噪音幾乎消失。本文選用的台達B係列變頻器采用無傳感器向量控製方式，具有自動轉矩補償，轉差補償功能，啟動轉矩在1Hz時可達150%，過載能力150%額定電流持續一分鍾，輸出頻率0.1Hz至400Hz可調，調節範圍寬，同時具有開環向量、死循環向量等各種控製方式。自動噴塗設備采用的是V/F+PG速(su)度(du)死(si)循(xun)環(huan)控(kong)製(zhi)，其(qi)目(mu)的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)其(qi)輸(shu)送(song)待(dai)噴(pen)塗(tu)物(wu)時(shi)鏈(lian)條(tiao)堆(dui)積(ji)或(huo)斷(duan)裂(lie)問(wen)題(ti)，經(jing)用(yong)戶(hu)使(shi)用(yong)，效(xiao)果(guo)非(fei)常(chang)好(hao)，大(da)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)，有(you)效(xiao)地(di)解(jie)決(jue)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)鏈(lian)條(tiao)堆(dui)積(ji)或(huo)斷(duan)裂(lie)問(wen)題(ti)。 4 同步控製變頻器調速係統構成 主、從電機同步的變頻器調速係統結構示意圖如1所示。
