焊(han)接(jie)是(shi)工(gong)業(ye)製(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)偉(wei)大(da)的(de)發(fa)明(ming)
，是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)製(zhi)造(zao)不(bu)可(ke)獲(huo)取(qu)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)。焊(han)接(jie)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)控(kong)製(zhi)熱(re)量(liang)或(huo)者(zhe)熱(re)源(yuan)作(zuo)用(yong)到(dao)兩(liang)塊(kuai)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)上(shang)麵(mian)，讓(rang)這(zhe)些(xie)材(cai)料(liao)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)接(jie)頭(tou)。比(bi)如(ru)，針(zhen)對(dui)電(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)來(lai)講(jiang)，焊(han)接(jie)作(zuo)業(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)人(ren)、機ji器qi人ren或huo者zhe專zhuan用yong把ba持chi焊han槍qiang，按an照zhao一yi定ding速su度du沿yan著zhe焊han縫feng運yun動dong，同tong時shi按an照zhao一yi定ding的de工gong藝yi參can數shu施shi加jia熱re源yuan能neng量liang。除chu了le正zheng確que的de工gong藝yi參can數shu
，焊han槍qiang能neng否fou精jing準zhun的de跟gen蹤zong焊han縫feng是shi保bao證zheng焊han接jie質zhi量liang的de重zhong要yao手shou段duan。

  在諸多焊接過程信息傳感方法中
，視覺方法是當前公認的信息量最大
、效果最好的傳感方法。早在20世紀80年nian代dai初chu，國guo內nei外wai的de很hen多duo研yan究jiu人ren員yuan就jiu已yi開kai始shi研yan究jiu視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan方fang法fa，包bao括kuo以yi電dian弧hu光guang為wei光guang源yuan的de被bei動dong視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan和he采cai用yong激ji光guang輔fu助zhu照zhao明ming的de主zhu動dong視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan。被bei動dong視shi覺jiao方fang法fa中zhong，電dian弧hu本ben身shen就jiu是shi監jian測ce位wei置zhi，沒mei有you因yin熱re變bian形xing等deng因yin素su所suo引yin起qi的de超chao前qian檢jian測ce誤wu差cha
，能neng夠gou直zhi接jie獲huo取qu焊han縫feng接jie頭tou和he熔rong池chi的de信xin息xi，有you利li於yu焊han接jie質zhi量liang的de自zi適shi應ying控kong製zhi。然ran而er，直zhi接jie觀guan測ce易yi受shou到dao電dian弧hu的de嚴yan重zhong幹gan擾rao
，至zhi今jin還hai沒mei有you成cheng熟shu的de工gong業ye應ying用yong的de報bao道dao。因yin而er，主zhu動dong光guang視shi覺jiao特te別bie是shi基ji於yu激ji光guang三san角jiao測ce量liang原yuan理li的de結jie構gou光guang或huo掃sao描miao方fang法fa已yi成cheng為wei目mu前qian焊han接jie工gong業ye應ying用yong中zhong主zhu要yao的de視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan方fang法fa。激ji光guang視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan的de最zui大da特te點dian是shi能neng夠gou獲huo取qu焊han縫feng截jie麵mian的de精jing確que幾ji何he形xing狀zhuang和he空kong間jian位wei置zhi的de信xin息xi，適shi合he實shi時shi焊han縫feng跟gen蹤zong和he自zi適shi應ying工gong藝yi參can數shu控kong製zhi。

  激ji光guang視shi覺jiao傳chuan感gan的de基ji本ben原yuan理li就jiu是shi光guang學xue的de三san角jiao測ce量liang原yuan理li。激ji光guang束shu照zhao射she到dao目mu標biao物wu體ti的de表biao麵mian
，形xing成cheng一yi個ge光guang斑ban點dian，經jing過guo攝she像xiang頭tou上shang的de透tou鏡jing在zai光guang敏min探tan測ce器qi上shang產chan生sheng一yi個ge像xiang點dian。由you於yu激ji光guang器qi與yu攝she像xiang頭tou的de相xiang對dui位wei置zhi是shi固gu定ding的de
，當dang激ji光guang傳chuan感gan器qi與yu目mu標biao物wu體ti的de距ju離li發fa生sheng變bian化hua時shi
，光guang敏min探tan測ce器qi上shang的de像xiang點dian位wei置zhi也ye相xiang應ying發fa生sheng變bian化hua，所suo以yi根gen據ju物wu像xiang的de三san角jiao形xing關guan係xi可ke以yi計ji算suan出chu高gao度du的de變bian化hua
，即ji測ce量liang了le高gao度du變bian化hua。當dang激ji光guang束shu以yi一yi定ding的de形xing狀zhuang掃sao描miao(掃描方式)或通過光學器件變換以光麵的形式在目標物體的表麵投射出線形或其他幾何形狀的條紋(結構光方式)
，zaimianzhendeguangmintanceqishangjiukeyidedaobiaozhengmubiaojiemiandejiguangtiaowentuxiang

，erdangjiguangchuanganqiyanzhewutibiaomiansaomiaoqianjinshi，jiunengdedaosuosaomiaobiaomianxingzhuangdelunkuoxinxi。suohuodedexinxikeyongyuhanfengsousuodingwei、焊縫跟蹤、自適應焊接參數控製
、焊縫成形檢測等。

  muqian
，yizaihanjiezhongyingyongdejiguangshijiaochuanganqizhuyaoyousaomiaohejiegouguangliangzhongxingshi。saomiaofangshizhuyaoyouxianxingsaomiaoheyuanxingsaomiao，qizhongyuanxingsaomiaodetuxiangchulifangshiyaofuzayixie。xiangduieryan，duiyufanguangdechuli，saomiaofangshibijiegouguangfangshiyaorongyi。ciwai，saomiaofangshichuanganqideshichangshenduda，danshoudaosaomiaojiguangbandiandeyingxiang，saomiaojiguangchuanganqidejingdu
，youqishihengxiangfenbianlvxiangduijiaodi。tongshi，shoujixiesaomiaodeyingxiang
，saomiaosudubugao。saomiaoshijiguangchuanganqidaduozhiyongyudahoudugongjiandehanfenggenzonghezishiyingkongzhi。zaigaojingduhegaosudugenzonghuojiancezhongyingyongdejiguangshijiaochuanganqidaduoweijiegouguangfangshidechuanganqi。