http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-07 01:21:08 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
dangdeershidabaogaotichu,gaozhiliangfazhanshiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiadeshouyaorenwu。zhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanshiwoguojingjigaozhiliangfazhandezhongzhongzhizhong,xuyaoshunyingfazhanjieduan、發展條件和發展格局變化,以高端化、智能化、綠色化為方向,加快結構體係升級、技術路徑創新、發展模式優化,把製造業的短板補齊、長板鍛長,促進製造業實現質的有效提升和量的合理增長。
經過改革開放40多年的快速發展,我國製造業在規模體量、結構體係、技術水平、分工合作等方麵發生深刻變化、qudexianzhuchengxiao,zhizaoyeyoudadaoqiangdejichugengjiajianshi。tongshiyaokandao,woguozhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanhaimianlinzheyixiliezhongdianrenwu,baochizhizaoyechixuzengchangxuyaotuijinxinjiudongnengzhuanhuan,shixianchanyezhuanxingshengjijidaitupoduanbanpingjingzhiyue,changtongjingjixunhuanshangxuyouhuachanyelianfengongbuju。jutilaikan,zhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanzhongdewentizhuyaotixianzaiyixiafangmian。
一是製造業門類齊全體係完備但高精尖環節短板突出。放眼全世界,我國製造業規模體量之龐大、產業體係之完備,少有國家可以比擬。2022年,我國製造業增加值為33.5萬億元,占全球比重近30%。zhizaoyeyeyincichengweiwoguoguominjingjidezhongyaozhizhuhecanyuquanqiuchanyefengongxiezuodezhuti。danshi,yaoshixianzhizaodaguoxiangzhizaoqiangguodezhuanbian,guanjianzaiyunengfoutishengchanyejiegougaoduanhuashuiping,nengfouzaiyingxiangquanqiuchanyefengongdezhongyaochanye、關guan鍵jian環huan節jie占zhan據ju核he心xin地di位wei。相xiang比bi世shi界jie製zhi造zao強qiang國guo,我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye整zheng體ti上shang仍reng處chu於yu國guo際ji分fen工gong體ti係xi的de中zhong低di端duan環huan節jie,產chan業ye結jie構gou中zhong高gao精jing尖jian產chan業ye占zhan比bi較jiao低di,產chan業ye鏈lian中zhong高gao附fu加jia值zhi環huan節jie發fa展zhan滯zhi後hou,這zhe些xie成cheng為wei製zhi造zao業ye結jie構gou調tiao整zheng和he攻gong堅jian突tu破po的de主zhu要yao方fang向xiang。
ershizhizaoyejingzhengyoushimingxiandanxiaolvxiaoyishuipingrengxutisheng。woguozhizaoyeqichupingjielaodonglidengchengbenyoushi,zaifazhanjileizhongzhujianxingchengleqiangdadeshengchanxiaolvyoushihezhiliangpinzhiyoushi,zhizaoyechanpinzhilianghegelvduonianlaiwendingzai93%以上的較高水平,質量競爭力持續躍升。但是,隨著人口數量紅利逐漸減弱、土地供給趨於緊張、環(huan)保(bao)力(li)度(du)不(bu)斷(duan)加(jia)大(da)等(deng),製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)綜(zong)合(he)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)剛(gang)性(xing)上(shang)升(sheng),長(chang)期(qi)支(zhi)撐(cheng)產(chan)業(ye)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)優(you)勢(shi)有(you)所(suo)減(jian)弱(ruo)。因(yin)此(ci),實(shi)現(xian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)亟(ji)待(dai)培(pei)育(yu)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)、塑造新優勢,需要更加注重生產效率的持續提升和價值創造能力的不斷增強,提升製造業核心競爭力。
sanshizhizaoyelvsefazhantisudanjiegouxingzhuanxinghaixushenrutuijin。jinnianlai,woguolvsezhizaotixijianshequdejinzhan,lvseditanjishugaizaobufajiakuai,zhizaoyenenghaohewuranpaifangshuipingchixuxiajiang,nengyuanziyuanliyongxiaolvdafutisheng。danshi,youyuwoguozhizaoyetanpaifangliangjishuda、汙染治理任務重、轉型時間窗口緊,加之鋼鐵、有色、石化、化工、建材等工業能耗和排放主體行業占比較高,部分企業技術裝備落後,尚未擺脫粗放發展模式,仍需在產業結構、產品結構、技術結構、能源結構等方麵推進全麵綠色低碳轉型。
新發展階段,製造業在建設現代化產業體係、推進新型工業化、實現共同富裕中發揮著不可替代的作用。我們要在鞏固提升規模體量優勢的同時,著力增強產業核心競爭力、自主可控能力和可持續發展能力,讓製造業在推動經濟高質量發展、提高新型城鎮化水平、促進高質量就業、保障國家安全等方麵作出更大貢獻。這就需要聚焦高端化智能化綠色化方向,提高製造業“含金量”“含智量”“含綠量”,不斷提升發展優勢、創新發展動能、優化發展生態。
高端化為製造業高質量發展提供升級導向。建設現代化產業體係,需以實體經濟為支撐,其中一個重要內容就是要打造技術水平高、競爭力強的先進製造業。歐美國家之所以擁有強大國際話語權和影響力,主要是因為其在關鍵核心零部件、重zhong要yao基ji礎chu材cai料liao等deng領ling域yu占zhan據ju領ling先xian地di位wei。一yi國guo擁yong有you的de核he心xin產chan業ye和he關guan鍵jian技ji術shu決jue定ding著zhe其qi在zai全quan球qiu價jia值zhi鏈lian中zhong的de位wei勢shi,這zhe也ye是shi國guo家jia競jing爭zheng力li的de集ji中zhong體ti現xian。加jia快kuai高gao端duan化hua升sheng級ji能neng夠gou推tui動dong製zhi造zao業ye由you規gui模mo擴kuo張zhang向xiang內nei涵han增zeng長chang轉zhuan變bian,進jin一yi步bu增zeng強qiang產chan業ye結jie構gou體ti係xi協xie調tiao性xing和he產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian韌ren性xing。要yao加jia快kuai實shi施shi產chan業ye基ji礎chu再zai造zao工gong程cheng和he重zhong大da技ji術shu裝zhuang備bei攻gong關guan工gong程cheng,夯hang實shi產chan業ye基ji礎chu,增zeng強qiang自zi主zhu可ke控kong能neng力li。要yao大da力li發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye,增zeng強qiang科ke技ji創chuang新xin發fa展zhan動dong能neng,拓tuo寬kuan傳chuan統tong產chan業ye品pin質zhi化hua品pin牌pai化hua升sheng級ji空kong間jian,培pei育yu質zhi量liang和he品pin牌pai競jing爭zheng新xin優you勢shi,提ti升sheng產chan業ye能neng級ji。
智zhi能neng化hua為wei製zhi造zao業ye高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan提ti供gong技ji術shu路lu徑jing。當dang前qian,世shi界jie主zhu要yao國guo家jia都dou在zai加jia快kuai數shu字zi化hua轉zhuan型xing戰zhan略lve布bu局ju,搶qiang抓zhua產chan業ye智zhi能neng化hua發fa展zhan先xian機ji。先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye是shi現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de支zhi柱zhu,數shu字zi經jing濟ji是shi建jian設she現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de重zhong要yao抓zhua手shou。推tui動dong製zhi造zao業ye智zhi能neng化hua發fa展zhan既ji是shi培pei育yu發fa展zhan新xin動dong能neng的de有you效xiao路lu徑jing,也ye是shi壯zhuang大da數shu字zi經jing濟ji的de必bi然ran選xuan擇ze。推tui進jin製zhi造zao業ye智zhi能neng化hua轉zhuan型xing能neng夠gou實shi現xian技ji術shu路lu徑jing再zai造zao、競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)轉(zhuan)換(huan),釋(shi)放(fang)更(geng)多(duo)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)。要(yao)轉(zhuan)變(bian)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi),加(jia)速(su)推(tui)廣(guang)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)模(mo)式(shi),深(shen)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)再(zai)造(zao),提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)製(zhi)造(zao)精(jing)益(yi)化(hua)柔(rou)性(xing)化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)。加(jia)快(kuai)產(chan)品(pin)功(gong)能(neng)迭(die)代(dai)升(sheng)級(ji),發(fa)揮(hui)大(da)數(shu)據(ju)、雲計算、工業互聯網等作用,彙聚整合相關要素資源,釋放數據要素潛力,更好賦能經濟發展。
綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)為(wei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)價(jia)值(zhi)指(zhi)引(yin)。製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)是(shi)節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)碳(tan)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti),也(ye)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)循(xun)環(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen),既(ji)能(neng)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)創(chuang)新(xin)和(he)消(xiao)納(na)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景(jing),又(you)能(neng)為(wei)節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)碳(tan)和(he)汙(wu)染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)備(bei)支(zhi)持(chi),還(hai)能(neng)為(wei)高(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)生(sheng)活(huo)提(ti)供(gong)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)產(chan)品(pin)。推(tui)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)高(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)高(gao)效(xiao)循(xun)環(huan)利(li)用(yong)水(shui)平(ping),實(shi)現(xian)人(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)。要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)術(shu)引(yin)領(ling),加(jia)快(kuai)開(kai)發(fa)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)技(ji)術(shu),聚(ju)焦(jiao)產(chan)品(pin)全(quan)生(sheng)命(ming)周(zhou)期(qi)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua),加(jia)快(kuai)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)節(jie)能(neng)降(jiang)碳(tan)和(he)能(neng)效(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng),擴(kuo)大(da)綠(lv)色(se)產(chan)品(pin)消(xiao)費(fei)。完(wan)善(shan)綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)相(xiang)關(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)製(zhi)度(du)規(gui)則(ze),推(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)國(guo)際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)。