http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-06 22:08:10 來源:賽迪顧問
黨的二十屆三中全會提出,“加快推進新型工業化,培育壯大先進製造業集群,推動製造業高端化、智能化、綠色化發展”。城市是中國推進新型工業化、打造以先進製造業為骨幹的現代化產業體係的重要載體。賽迪顧問於2024年12月25日在湖北省荊州市舉辦的2024先進製造業發展大會上發布《2024年先進製造業城市研究》,提出城市先進製造業發展的“三類模式”“三大趨勢”“三點建議”,旨在助力城市先進製造業發展,推進新型工業化進程。

一、新發現:城市先進製造業發展三種模式
通tong過guo連lian續xu多duo年nian對dui城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan的de追zhui蹤zong觀guan察cha及ji研yan究jiu,賽sai迪di顧gu問wen先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye研yan究jiu中zhong心xin對dui城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan演yan進jin曲qu線xian進jin行xing了le迭die代dai升sheng級ji,形xing成cheng了le城cheng市shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan曲qu線xian2.0。該曲線將城市先進製造業的發展階段劃分為躍升期、擴張期、發展期和起步期四個階段,不同階段的城市展現出獨特的發展特征,並在城市間形成了各異的協同關係模式,具體可分為鏈帶式、單星式和軸輻式三種主要模式。

圖1 城市先進製造業發展演進曲線2.0
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(一)鏈帶式:多處於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的擴張期,均衡發展特色明顯
模式特征:liandaishimoshitongchanghangaiduogediliweizhixianglinhuojiejindechengshi,gegechengshijunyongyoujiaoweifengfudeshengchanyaosu,zhexiechengshizhijianjiaotongjichusheshiwanshan,jingjilianxijinmi,tongguojiankangdejingzheng、緊密的合作和有效的協同,建立起相互依賴、相xiang互hu促cu進jin的de緊jin密mi關guan係xi。這zhe種zhong關guan係xi不bu僅jin提ti升sheng了le整zheng個ge區qu域yu先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li和he效xiao率lv,而er且qie促cu進jin了le鏈lian帶dai式shi模mo式shi中zhong的de先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye城cheng市shi均jun衡heng發fa展zhan。

圖2 鏈帶式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(二)單星式:多處於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的擴張期及發展期,區域帶動能力亟待挖掘
模式特征:單星式模式特指那些原材料資源豐富、科技創新資源充裕、人(ren)才(cai)與(yu)資(zi)本(ben)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)豐(feng)沛(pei)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)。這(zhe)類(lei)城(cheng)市(shi)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)自(zi)身(shen)發(fa)展(zhan)勢(shi)頭(tou)良(liang)好(hao),但(dan)在(zai)與(yu)周(zhou)邊(bian)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)聯(lian)動(dong)和(he)區(qu)域(yu)帶(dai)動(dong)能(neng)力(li)方(fang)麵(mian)表(biao)現(xian)較(jiao)弱(ruo),未(wei)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)為(wei)核(he)心(xin),帶(dai)動(dong)大(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)城(cheng)市(shi)協(xie)同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)。這(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi),盡(jin)管(guan)在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)方(fang)麵(mian)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)色(se),但(dan)在(zai)區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)集(ji)群(qun)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)麵(mian),仍(reng)有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)。

圖3 單星式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
(三)軸輻式:分布於城市先進製造業發展演進曲線的各時期,集聚效應顯著
模式特征:zhoufushimoshibaokuohangaileliangleichengshijiliangzhongxifenmoshi。liangleichengshijishuniuzhongxinchengshiheshoufushedezhoubianchengshi。liangzhongxifenmoshiweidanshuniuheshuangshuniuzhoufushi,zaidanshuniuzhoufushizhong,cunzaiyigehexinshuniuzhongxinchengshi,yushoufushedeqitachengshilianxijinmi;在雙樞紐軸輻式中,存在兩個樞紐中心城市,這兩個城市之間人流、物流、資金流往來頻繁,周邊城市通常與其中一個樞紐中心城市保持較為緊密的聯係。
在zai軸zhou輻fu式shi模mo式shi中zhong,樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi通tong過guo其qi強qiang勁jin的de經jing濟ji實shi力li和he發fa展zhan潛qian力li,吸xi引yin周zhou邊bian城cheng市shi的de高gao端duan生sheng產chan要yao素su,這zhe種zhong要yao素su稟bing賦fu的de差cha異yi將jiang促cu使shi先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye領ling域yu的de企qi業ye在zai樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi集ji聚ju。但dan在zai一yi定ding的de條tiao件jian下xia,樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi所suo能neng達da到dao的de先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye集ji聚ju經jing濟ji規gui模mo是shi有you限xian的de,當dang超chao過guo這zhe一yi限xian度du,城cheng市shi的de生sheng產chan要yao素su成cheng本ben隨sui之zhi上shang升sheng,企qi業ye利li潤run下xia降jiang。在zai這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang下xia,樞shu紐niu中zhong心xin城cheng市shi的de企qi業ye會hui逐zhu步bu向xiang外wai遷qian移yi,生sheng產chan要yao素su會hui向xiang周zhou邊bian城cheng市shi擴kuo散san,以yi尋xun求qiu更geng廣guang闊kuo的de發fa展zhan空kong間jian和he更geng高gao效xiao的de資zi源yuan配pei置zhi。

圖4 軸輻式模式
數據來源:賽迪顧問2024,12
二、新時期:先進製造業發展趨勢洞見
(一)從實體到數字,開啟數實融合新紀元
先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye正zheng經jing曆li著zhe從cong傳chuan統tong的de實shi體ti製zhi造zao模mo式shi向xiang全quan麵mian數shu字zi化hua乃nai至zhi智zhi能neng化hua轉zhuan型xing的de深shen刻ke變bian革ge。這zhe一yi進jin程cheng中zhong,實shi體ti製zhi造zao曾zeng依yi靠kao手shou工gong操cao作zuo和he機ji械xie生sheng產chan支zhi撐cheng起qi龐pang大da的de工gong業ye體ti係xi。隨sui著zhe信xin息xi技ji術shu的de飛fei速su發fa展zhan,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye逐zhu步bu邁mai入ru數shu字zi化hua時shi代dai,通tong過guo集ji成cheng計ji算suan機ji輔fu助zhu設she計ji、製zhi造zao與yu管guan理li係xi統tong,實shi現xian了le生sheng產chan流liu程cheng的de高gao效xiao協xie同tong與yu數shu據ju驅qu動dong的de優you化hua決jue策ce。如ru今jin,人ren工gong智zhi能neng技ji術shu的de廣guang泛fan應ying用yong為wei先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye插cha上shang了le智zhi慧hui的de翅chi膀pang,從cong智zhi能neng工gong廠chang、yucexingweihudaozishiyingshengchan,rengongzhinengbujindafutishengleshengchanxiaolvyulinghuoxing,haicujinlechanpinzhiliangdefeiyueyugexinghuadingzhidepuji,yinlingxianjinzhizaoyemaixianggengjiagaoxiao、綠色與可持續的未來。

(二)從要素到標準,聚焦大國競爭新戰場
在zai技ji術shu日ri新xin月yue異yi與yu全quan球qiu供gong應ying鏈lian經jing曆li深shen刻ke重zhong構gou的de背bei景jing下xia,先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de競jing爭zheng焦jiao點dian已yi經jing顯xian著zhu地di從cong生sheng產chan要yao素su和he成cheng本ben的de傳chuan統tong較jiao量liang,升sheng華hua到dao了le技ji術shu標biao準zhun和he規gui則ze製zhi定ding權quan的de高gao層ceng次ci競jing爭zheng。這zhe一yi轉zhuan變bian要yao求qiu各ge國guo不bu僅jin要yao在zai技ji術shu創chuang新xin上shang持chi續xu突tu破po,更geng要yao積ji極ji參can與yu國guo際ji標biao準zhun的de製zhi定ding過guo程cheng,在zai全quan球qiu市shi場chang中zhong獲huo得de主zhu導dao權quan和he話hua語yu權quan,增zeng強qiang全quan球qiu影ying響xiang力li。通tong過guo掌zhang握wo技ji術shu標biao準zhun,企qi業ye不bu僅jin能neng有you效xiao規gui避bi貿mao易yi壁bi壘lei,還hai能neng促cu進jin產chan業ye鏈lian上shang下xia遊you的de深shen度du融rong合he,加jia速su產chan業ye升sheng級ji,為wei先xian進jin製zhi造zao業ye的de高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan奠dian定ding堅jian實shi基ji礎chu。

(三)從增長到韌性,邁向經濟增長新周期
zaiquanqiuhuahebuquedingxingriyijiajudebeijingxia,xianjinzhizaoyedefazhancelveyiqiaoranzhuanbian,congdanchunzhuiqiujingjizengchang,zhuanxianggengjiazhuzhongjingjidekechixuxingherenxing。mianduifuzaduobiandeguojishichanghuanjing,xianjinzhizaoyechanyeliangongyingliandelinghuoxinghediyufengxiannenglichengweilexianjinzhizaoyewendingfazhandeguanjiansuozai。weileshixiankechixufazhan,xianjinzhizaoyezhengjijituidonglvseshengchan,youhuaziyuanpeizhi,tongshi,jiaqiangchanyelianshangxiayoudexietonghezuo,goujianduoyuanhua、韌性強的供應鏈體係以應對市場波動和外部風險。
三、新要求:城市先進製造業發展建議
(一)把握創新融合,搶占機會窗口
yichuangxinweiyinqing,jifaxianjinzhizaoyexindongneng。yishiqianghuachanyelianxietong,lianjiequanqiugaoduanchuangxinziyuanyushengchanyaosu,goujianyiqiyeweichuangxinzhutidexietongchuangxinwangluo,xingchengchanyechuangxinshengtaiwangluo。ershijifarencaichuangxinhuoli,tansuojianlikuaxingye、跨kua地di區qu的de技ji能neng培pei訓xun與yu人ren才cai交jiao流liu合he作zuo長chang效xiao機ji製zhi,加jia快kuai人ren才cai的de培pei養yang與yu流liu動dong,為wei製zhi造zao業ye的de創chuang新xin發fa展zhan提ti供gong強qiang大da的de人ren力li支zhi持chi。三san是shi高gao質zhi量liang建jian設she創chuang新xin平ping台tai,完wan善shan省sheng、市(shi)級(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)網(wang)絡(luo)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)速(su)科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果(guo)的(de)示(shi)範(fan)應(ying)用(yong)和(he)落(luo)地(di)轉(zhuan)化(hua)。以(yi)融(rong)合(he)為(wei)動(dong)力(li),塑(su)造(zao)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)。一(yi)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)融(rong)合(he),緊(jin)緊(jin)把(ba)握(wo)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)迅(xun)猛(meng)發(fa)展(zhan)機(ji)遇(yu),順(shun)應(ying)數(shu)字(zi)技(ji)術(shu)同(tong)製(zhi)造(zao)、能源、材(cai)料(liao)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)加(jia)速(su)交(jiao)叉(cha)融(rong)合(he)趨(qu)勢(shi),大(da)力(li)推(tui)動(dong)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao),培(pei)育(yu)壯(zhuang)大(da)智(zhi)能(neng)服(fu)務(wu)新(xin)模(mo)式(shi)新(xin)業(ye)態(tai)。二(er)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和(he)現(xian)代(dai)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)深(shen)度(du)融(rong)合(he),促(cu)進(jin)現(xian)代(dai)物(wu)流(liu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)效(xiao)融(rong)合(he),強(qiang)化(hua)研(yan)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)服(fu)務(wu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)有(you)機(ji)融(rong)合(he),推(tui)進(jin)消(xiao)費(fei)服(fu)務(wu)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)創(chuang)新(xin)融(rong)合(he)。
(二)依托品牌質量,實現路徑突破
以質量為根本,煥發先進製造業新生機。一是推動產品創新,鼓勵企業應用先進適用技術、加(jia)強(qiang)設(she)備(bei)更(geng)新(xin),提(ti)升(sheng)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)響(xiang)應(ying)速(su)度(du),並(bing)推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)。二(er)是(shi)持(chi)續(xu)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)化(hua),建(jian)設(she)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)示(shi)範(fan)工(gong)廠(chang),完(wan)善(shan)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)係(xi),提(ti)升(sheng)“中國製造”的品質。三是提升品牌價值,提高產品的市場認可度和消費者忠誠度,塑造強有力的“中國品牌”。以(yi)優(you)化(hua)為(wei)路(lu)徑(jing),構(gou)建(jian)先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)新(xin)體(ti)係(xi)。一(yi)是(shi)推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)改(gai)造(zao)升(sheng)級(ji),優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou),提(ti)升(sheng)優(you)質(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)供(gong)給(gei)能(neng)力(li)。二(er)是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)布(bu)局(ju)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye),強(qiang)化(hua)關(guan)鍵(jian)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)應(ying)用(yong),推(tui)動(dong)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)融(rong)合(he)化(hua)、集群化、生態化發展。三是積極謀劃未來產業,培育新產業和新賽道,加強技術攻關和成果轉化,豐富完善應用場景。
(三)堅持綠色發展,跨越增長瓶頸
以低碳為基礎,打造先進製造業新動力。一是構建清潔能源供應體係,結合城市先天優勢,因地製宜發展風、光、氫、儲、地熱、生sheng物wu質zhi能neng等deng清qing潔jie能neng源yuan供gong應ying手shou段duan。二er是shi加jia大da低di碳tan技ji術shu的de應ying用yong和he推tui廣guang,聚ju焦jiao綠lv色se低di碳tan科ke技ji創chuang新xin前qian沿yan,通tong過guo實shi施shi綠lv色se低di碳tan先xian進jin技ji術shu示shi範fan工gong程cheng,加jia快kuai科ke技ji成cheng果guo轉zhuan化hua和he產chan業ye化hua推tui廣guang。三san是shi堅jian持chi有you效xiao市shi場chang和he有you為wei政zheng府fu相xiang結jie合he,強qiang化hua政zheng策ce引yin導dao,完wan善shan激ji勵li機ji製zhi,綜zong合he運yun用yong財cai政zheng、jinrongdengfangshizhichichanyeditanfazhan。yilvseweiyinling,kaichuangxianjinzhizaoyexinjumian。yishifazhanlvseditanxinyetai,guliqiyecaiyongxianjinshiyongjishu,jiaqiangshebeigengxin,yicijiangdiziyuanxiaohao,baohuhuanjing,shixianjingjixiaoyiyushengtaixiaoyideshuangying。ershipeiyulvsefazhanxindongneng,jianshelvsegongchang,kaizhanlvseshengchan,bujinshixianjingjidekechixufazhan,yeweixinxinggongyehuadetuijinzhuruxindongli。sanshigoujianziyuanjieyuehehuanjingyouhaoxingshengchantixi,tongguoshishigongyelingyutandafengxingdong,cujingongyewenmingyushengtaiwenmingdehexiegongsheng。