http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-14 20:01:57 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)物(wu)質(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)基(ji)礎(chu)。黨(dang)的(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)以(yi)來(lai),習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)著(zhe)眼(yan)中(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)偉(wei)大(da)複(fu)興(xing)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)全(quan)局(ju)和(he)世(shi)界(jie)百(bai)年(nian)未(wei)有(you)之(zhi)大(da)變(bian)局(ju),在(zai)深(shen)刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)形(xing)勢(shi)變(bian)化(hua)、總結發展經驗教訓的基礎上,在不同場合深入闡述關於現代化產業體係建設的新思想、新觀點、xinyaoqiu。zhexiezhongyaolunshu,shixijinpingjingjisixiangdezhongyaozuchengbufen,weituidongjingjigaozhiliangfazhantigonglexingdongzhinan。xiandaihuachanyetixishishiyingzhongguoshixiandaihuaxuyaodechanyetixi,jizunxunyibanyiyishangdexiandaichanyefazhandeguilv,youfuhezhongguoshixiandaihuadebenzhiyaoqiu。womenyaozhunquelijiexiandaihuachanyetixiyingjubeidejibentexing,bawoqifazhanfangxianghejianshezhongdian,zaikexuerenshidejichushangtuidongyouxiaodeshijian,zaixinzhengchengshangjiakuaijianshexiandaihuachanyetixi。
實體經濟——
現代化產業體係建設的支撐點
實體經濟是支撐經濟增長、baozhangguojiaanquandezhongyaojichu,shiyiguojingjidelishenzhiben,shicaifuchuangzaodegenbenyuanquan,shiguojiaqiangshengdezhongyaozhizhu。yishitijingjiweizhichengjianshexiandaihuachanyetixi,shituidongjingjigaozhiliangfazhanshizhongjianchideyigezhongdayuanze。dangdeshijiujiewuzhongquanhuitichu,“加快發展現代產業體係,推動經濟體係優化升級”,並要求“堅持把發展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上”。黨的二十大報告明確提出“中國式現代化,是中國共產黨領導的社會主義現代化”,強調要“建設現代化產業體係”,其中“堅持把發展經濟的著力點放在實體經濟上”的de核he心xin要yao求qiu沒mei有you變bian。習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji在zai二er十shi屆jie中zhong央yang財cai經jing委wei員yuan會hui第di一yi次ci會hui議yi上shang進jin一yi步bu強qiang調tiao,必bi須xu把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,為wei實shi現xian第di二er個ge百bai年nian奮fen鬥dou目mu標biao提ti供gong堅jian強qiang物wu質zhi支zhi撐cheng。黨dang的de二er十shi屆jie三san中zhong全quan會hui亦yi圍wei繞rao推tui動dong實shi體ti經jing濟ji發fa展zhan作zuo出chu部bu署shu,明ming確que提ti出chu“健全促進實體經濟和數字經濟深度融合製度”。
加快建設以實體經濟為支撐的現代化產業體係,就是要堅持以實體經濟為重,著力加快建設實體經濟、科技創新、現代金融、人力資源協同發展的產業體係。一是同步加快推進新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化,鞏固壯大實體經濟;二是讓科技、金融、人才等回歸服務實體經濟屬性,助推實體經濟做強做優做大。這就要求科技創新必須麵向世界科技前沿、麵向經濟主戰場、麵向國家重大需求、麵向人民生命健康,現代金融必須把服務實體經濟作為根本宗旨,人才資源要為全麵建設社會主義現代化國家提供基礎性、戰略性支撐。
智能化、綠色化、融合化——
現代化產業體係建設的切入點
經jing濟ji發fa展zhan階jie段duan不bu同tong,現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi建jian設she的de任ren務wu和he要yao求qiu就jiu會hui不bu同tong,這zhe就jiu需xu要yao依yi據ju新xin時shi代dai的de新xin特te征zheng新xin任ren務wu新xin要yao求qiu,找zhao準zhun建jian設she現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi的de切qie入ru點dian和he發fa力li點dian。
智能化是贏得國際競爭優勢的新賽道。數字經濟是繼農業經濟、工業經濟之後的新經濟形態,其發展形成的新技術、新產業、新業態、新模式,可以實現技術的革命性突破、shengchanyaosudechuangxinxingpeizhihechanyedeshenduzhuanxingshengji,juyougenggaodequanyaosushengchanlv。shuzijingjishidangjinshijiegeguonuliqiangzhandefazhanzhigaodian,geguofenfenzhidinggulizhengce,tuijinshuzichanyehuahechanyeshuzihua,shenzhiyixiexifangguojiaweilegoujianzijidejingzhengyoushi,gao“小院高牆”,duiwoguoshuzijishuhechanyeshengjijinxingquanmianezhi。jiliedeguojijingzhengdaobiwoguobixujiakuaifazhanshuzijingji。shuzijingjishiwoguofazhanxinzhishengchanlideguanjiansuozai,danmuqianwoguoshuzijingjifazhanhaikuaierbuyou、daerbuqiang,tebieshiyixieshuziguanjianhexinjishuhaishouzhiyuren,zhejiuyaoqiubixudayingshuzijishugongjianzhan,goujianjuyouguojijingzhenglideshuzichanye,bafazhanshuzijingjidezhudongquanlaolaozhangwozaizijishouli。
綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)是(shi)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)底(di)色(se)。高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)全(quan)麵(mian)建(jian)設(she)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)首(shou)要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)。推(tui)進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan),就(jiu)必(bi)須(xu)貫(guan)徹(che)落(luo)實(shi)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念(nian),堅(jian)持(chi)綠(lv)水(shui)青(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)銀(yin)山(shan),堅(jian)定(ding)不(bu)移(yi)走(zou)生(sheng)態(tai)優(you)先(xian)、綠lv色se發fa展zhan之zhi路lu。高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan是shi能neng夠gou很hen好hao滿man足zu人ren民min日ri益yi增zeng長chang的de美mei好hao生sheng活huo需xu要yao的de發fa展zhan,隨sui著zhe人ren民min收shou入ru水shui平ping的de提ti高gao,消xiao費fei結jie構gou不bu斷duan升sheng級ji,人ren民min對dui生sheng態tai環huan境jing的de改gai善shan提ti出chu了le更geng高gao期qi待dai,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu推tui進jin中zhong國guo式shi現xian代dai化hua必bi須xu實shi現xian人ren與yu自zi然ran和he諧xie共gong生sheng,把ba保bao護hu生sheng態tai和he改gai善shan生sheng態tai提ti升sheng到dao保bao護hu生sheng產chan力li和he發fa展zhan生sheng產chan力li的de高gao度du,走zou出chu一yi條tiao生sheng產chan發fa展zhan、生活富裕、shengtailianghaodewenmingfazhandaolu。gaozhiliangfazhanshixinzhishengchanlituidongdefazhan,xinzhishengchanlibenshenjiushilvseshengchanli,zhejiuxuyaojiakuailvsekejichuangxinhexianjinlvsejishutuiguangyingyong,zuoqianglvsezhizaoye,fazhanlvsefuwuye,zhuangdalvsenengyuanchanye,fazhanlvseditanchanyehegongyinglian,goujianlvseditanxunhuanjingjitixi。
融合化是數字經濟時代產業現代化的必由之路。數字經濟具有高創新性、強滲透性、廣覆蓋性,不僅是新的經濟增長點,而且是改造提升傳統產業的支點,這就需要推動數字技術賦能產業發展,加快農業、工業、fuwuyedeshuzihuazhuanxing。shuzijingjifazhandezhongdianshichanyeshuzihua,zhejiuyaoqiufahuiwoguohailiangshujuyoushiheguangkuoyingyongchangjingyoushi,tuidongshuzijishuyuqitachanyeshenduronghe,zuoqiangzuoyouzuodashuzijingji。shuzijingjiduifuwuyedeshentoulvyuanyuangaoyunongyehegongye,zhejiuxuyaozaitongbutuijinxinxinggongyehua、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化進程中,堅持三次產業融合發展。
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,是我國在新發展階段建設現代化產業體係的重大舉措,需要充分發揮社會主義市場經濟製度優勢,通過產權保護、健全市場體係和完善市場機製,促進要素自由合理流動,特別是創新資源要素的有效集聚,以科技創新引領產業創新;通過進一步完善產業政策,強化戰略性領域頂層設計,增強產業政策協同性,為現代化產業體係建設提供有效政策支持和製度保障。
完整性、先進性、安全性——
現代化產業體係建設的落腳點
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,目的就是要建設具有完整性、先進性、安全性的現代化產業體係。
完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)把(ba)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)為(wei)係(xi)統(tong)化(hua)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)。堅(jian)持(chi)產(chan)業(ye)優(you)化(hua)升(sheng)級(ji)係(xi)統(tong)推(tui)進(jin),既(ji)要(yao)推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji),不(bu)能(neng)將(jiang)其(qi)當(dang)成(cheng)“低端產業”jiandantuichu,youyaojianchikejichuangxin,shixiankejiziliziqiang,fazhanjuyouguojijingzhenglidezhanlvexingxinxingchanye,haiyaojiadajichuyanjiuheyingyongyanjiu,chanchuyuanchuangxing、顛覆性科技成果,前瞻布局未來產業,培育新的經濟增長點。堅持實體經濟與虛擬經濟協調發展,既要加快建設農業強國、製造強國、質量強國、航天強國、交通強國、網絡強國、數shu字zi中zhong國guo,也ye要yao堅jian持chi金jin融rong服fu務wu實shi體ti經jing濟ji的de根gen本ben宗zong旨zhi,建jian設she金jin融rong強qiang國guo,促cu進jin實shi體ti經jing濟ji與yu虛xu擬ni經jing濟ji良liang性xing互hu動dong。堅jian持chi促cu進jin一yi二er三san產chan業ye協xie調tiao發fa展zhan,既ji要yao依yi據ju新xin型xing工gong業ye化hua、信息化、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)同(tong)步(bu)推(tui)進(jin)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)融(rong)合(he)發(fa)展(zhan),又(you)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)工(gong)業(ye)是(shi)立(li)國(guo)之(zhi)本(ben)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)是(shi)強(qiang)國(guo)之(zhi)基(ji)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),夯(hang)實(shi)完(wan)備(bei)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)能(neng)力(li),保(bao)持(chi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)基(ji)本(ben)穩(wen)定(ding)。堅(jian)持(chi)推(tui)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)分(fen)工(gong)協(xie)作(zuo),既(ji)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)大(da)力(li)建(jian)設(she)世(shi)界(jie)一(yi)流(liu)企(qi)業(ye),形(xing)成(cheng)以(yi)我(wo)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian),促(cu)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)集(ji)群(qun)式(shi)發(fa)展(zhan),又(you)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)開(kai)放(fang)合(he)作(zuo),充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)國(guo)內(nei)國(guo)際(ji)兩(liang)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)兩(liang)種(zhong)資(zi)源(yuan),推(tui)進(jin)區(qu)域(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)提(ti)出(chu),突(tu)破(po)了(le)從(cong)一(yi)二(er)三(san)次(ci)產(chan)業(ye)視(shi)角(jiao)建(jian)設(she)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)局(ju)限(xian),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)更(geng)具(ju)包(bao)容(rong)性(xing)、更有解釋力、更加多元化的現代化產業體係建設思路。
先xian進jin性xing就jiu是shi要yao建jian設she能neng夠gou促cu進jin新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li發fa展zhan的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi。新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de特te點dian是shi創chuang新xin,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi必bi須xu是shi一yi個ge不bu斷duan創chuang新xin升sheng級ji優you化hua的de產chan業ye生sheng態tai係xi統tong,即ji以yi人ren民min對dui美mei好hao生sheng活huo的de需xu要yao為wei需xu求qiu導dao向xiang,牽qian引yin供gong給gei側ce結jie構gou性xing改gai革ge不bu斷duan深shen化hua,解jie決jue供gong給gei的de不bu平ping衡heng不bu充chong分fen問wen題ti,以yi世shi界jie前qian沿yan技ji術shu為wei引yin領ling,催cui生sheng技ji術shu、產品、產業、業態、模(mo)式(shi)等(deng)係(xi)列(lie)創(chuang)新(xin),用(yong)新(xin)供(gong)給(gei)創(chuang)造(zao)新(xin)需(xu)求(qiu),使(shi)供(gong)求(qiu)在(zai)更(geng)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)上(shang)實(shi)現(xian)動(dong)態(tai)平(ping)衡(heng)。新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)質(zhi)優(you),這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)必(bi)須(xu)建(jian)立(li)在(zai)新(xin)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)。馬(ma)克(ke)思(si)明(ming)確(que)指(zhi)出(chu),各(ge)種(zhong)經(jing)濟(ji)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)區(qu)別(bie),不(bu)在(zai)於(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)什(shen)麼(me),而(er)在(zai)於(yu)怎(zen)樣(yang)生(sheng)產(chan),用(yong)什(shen)麼(me)勞(lao)動(dong)資(zi)料(liao)生(sheng)產(chan)。這(zhe)就(jiu)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe),不(bu)同(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)時(shi)代(dai)的(de)區(qu)別(bie),不(bu)在(zai)於(yu)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)不(bu)同(tong),而(er)在(zai)於(yu)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)基(ji)礎(chu)不(bu)同(tong),從(cong)而(er)使(shi)產(chan)業(ye)具(ju)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)質(zhi)。在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)態(tai)下(xia),機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)資(zi)料(liao)是(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)骨(gu)骼(ge)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)肌(ji)肉(rou)係(xi)統(tong),對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)態(tai)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)具(ju)有(you)決(jue)定(ding)性(xing)意(yi)義(yi)。在(zai)數(shu)字(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)態(tai)下(xia),智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)資(zi)料(liao)取(qu)代(dai)機(ji)械(xie)性(xing)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)資(zi)料(liao),對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)態(tai)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)發(fa)揮(hui)決(jue)定(ding)性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)。因(yin)此(ci),“質優”,zaigongyejingjishidaitixianweigongyehua,zaishuzijingjishidaijiubujintixianweigongyehua,haitixianweishuzihua。xinzhishengchanlidebenzhishixianjinshengchanli,zhejiuyaoqiuxiandaihuachanyetixibixunenggouchuangzaochuxianjinshengchanli。makesizaitandaogongyegemingshizhichu:“機(ji)器(qi)的(de)采(cai)用(yong),化(hua)學(xue)在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)農(nong)業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong),輪(lun)船(chuan)的(de)行(xing)駛(shi),鐵(tie)路(lu)的(de)通(tong)行(xing),電(dian)報(bao)的(de)使(shi)用(yong),整(zheng)個(ge)整(zheng)個(ge)大(da)陸(lu)的(de)開(kai)墾(ken),河(he)川(chuan)的(de)通(tong)航(hang),仿(fang)佛(fo)用(yong)法(fa)術(shu)從(cong)地(di)下(xia)呼(hu)喚(huan)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)大(da)量(liang)人(ren)口(kou)——過去哪一個世紀料想到在社會勞動裏蘊藏有這樣的生產力呢?”這就使“資產階級在它的不到一百年的階級統治中所創造的生產力,比過去一切世代創造的全部生產力還要多,還要大”。在今天的數字經濟時代,數字技術、數shu字zi產chan業ye是shi新xin一yi輪lun國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de重zhong點dian領ling域yu,必bi須xu搶qiang占zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de製zhi高gao點dian。產chan業ye體ti係xi的de先xian進jin性xing是shi一yi個ge曆li史shi範fan疇chou,在zai不bu同tong的de經jing濟ji時shi代dai具ju有you不bu同tong的de內nei涵han,但dan它ta的de共gong同tong點dian是shi,就jiu不bu同tong經jing濟ji時shi代dai而er言yan,它ta能neng夠gou創chuang造zao出chu比bi以yi往wang任ren何he時shi代dai都dou要yao高gao得de多duo的de勞lao動dong生sheng產chan率lv;就同一時代的不同國家而言,它能夠創造出比其他國家都要快的經濟增長。
安全性就是要打造自主可控、安全可靠、jingzhengliqiangdexiandaihuachanyetixi。zizhukekongzhuyaoshizhiguanjianhexinjishutebieshishuzijishubixulaolaozhangwozaizijishouli,weijianshexiandaihuachanyetixitigongkekaodejishubaozhang。hexinjishushouzhiyurenshiwomenzuidadeyinhuan。xijinpingzongshujizhichu,yigehulianwangqiyejibianguimozaida、市值再高,如果核心元器件嚴重依賴外國,供應鏈的“命門”掌(zhang)握(wo)在(zai)別(bie)人(ren)手(shou)裏(li),那(na)就(jiu)好(hao)比(bi)在(zai)別(bie)人(ren)的(de)牆(qiang)基(ji)上(shang)砌(qi)房(fang)子(zi),再(zai)大(da)再(zai)漂(piao)亮(liang)也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)經(jing)不(bu)起(qi)風(feng)雨(yu),甚(shen)至(zhi)會(hui)不(bu)堪(kan)一(yi)擊(ji)。安(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)是(shi)指(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)建(jian)設(she),可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)防(fang)範(fan)化(hua)解(jie)重(zhong)大(da)經(jing)濟(ji)風(feng)險(xian),實(shi)現(xian)糧(liang)食(shi)安(an)全(quan)、能源安全、金融安全、產業鏈供應鏈安全,為經濟高質量發展創造安全穩定的環境。競爭力強是指現代化產業體係必須在激烈的國際競爭中具有技術優勢、產業鏈供應鏈優勢和市場競爭綜合優勢,這就要求實現技術創新從跟跑到並跑再到領跑的躍升,打造世界一流領軍企業,培育專精特新“小巨人”企業,實現產業鏈供應鏈向高端攀升,加強對整個產業鏈供應鏈的控製力和影響力。
在建設現代化產業體係中,完整性、先xian進jin性xing和he安an全quan性xing相xiang輔fu相xiang成cheng,缺que一yi不bu可ke。完wan整zheng性xing和he先xian進jin性xing是shi安an全quan性xing的de前qian提ti和he基ji礎chu,安an全quan性xing則ze是shi完wan整zheng性xing和he先xian進jin性xing的de基ji本ben保bao障zhang。完wan整zheng性xing為wei先xian進jin性xing創chuang造zao了le廣guang闊kuo的de應ying用yong場chang景jing優you勢shi,通tong過guo可ke觀guan的de利li潤run回hui報bao和he有you效xiao的de成cheng本ben分fen攤tan激ji勵li科ke技ji創chuang新xin,先xian進jin性xing提ti升sheng了le完wan整zheng性xing的de效xiao率lv和he競jing爭zheng力li,彰zhang顯xian了le完wan整zheng性xing的de綜zong合he優you勢shi。建jian設she以yi實shi體ti經jing濟ji為wei支zhi撐cheng的de現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,要yao將jiang完wan整zheng性xing、先進性、安全性統一起來,瞄準智能化、綠色化、融rong合he化hua方fang向xiang協xie同tong推tui進jin,不bu斷duan完wan善shan產chan業ye體ti係xi,著zhe力li構gou建jian一yi批pi新xin的de增zeng長chang引yin擎qing,提ti升sheng產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian韌ren性xing和he安an全quan水shui平ping,為wei在zai未wei來lai發fa展zhan和he國guo際ji競jing爭zheng中zhong贏ying得de戰zhan略lve主zhu動dong提ti供gong支zhi撐cheng。